Fields L, Adams B J, Newman S, Verhave T
College of Staten Island/CUNY 10301.
Q J Exp Psychol B. 1992 Aug;45(2):125-38. doi: 10.1080/14640749208401013.
The interactions among symmetry, transitivity, and equivalence tests during the formation of 3-member equivalence classes were studied with 14 college students. After training AB and BC, a test with BA, CB, AC, and CA was conducted concurrently. Failure led to serial testing with probes for CA equivalence, BA symmetry, CA equivalence, CB symmetry, CA equivalence, AC transitivity, and CA equivalence. For five subjects, equivalence tests were passed immediately once BA and CB symmetry as well as AC transitivity had been induced. Thus, symmetry and transitivity were precursors for successful performance on equivalence tests. The conjoint function of symmetry and transitivity was assessed with the equivalence probes. As the equivalence probes were passed immediately, the presence of symmetry alone and transitivity alone were sufficient for their conjoint function without additional intervention. For different subjects, transitivity alone and symmetry were induced either directly with BA, CB, or AC probes or indirectly with equivalence probes. Equivalence probes can also induce various combinations of symmetry and transitivity. Thus, different subjects formed classes in various patterns at different rates.
我们对14名大学生在形成三元等价类过程中对称性、传递性和等价性测试之间的相互作用进行了研究。在训练AB和BC之后，同时对BA、CB、AC和CA进行测试。测试失败会导致对CA等价性、BA对称性、CA等价性、CB对称性、CA等价性、AC传递性和CA等价性进行系列测试，并使用探测测试。对于五名受试者，一旦诱导出BA和CB对称性以及AC传递性，等价性测试就能立即通过。因此，对称性和传递性是等价性测试成功表现的前提条件。我们使用等价性探测测试来评估对称性和传递性的联合作用。由于等价性探测测试能立即通过，仅对称性和仅传递性的存在就足以实现它们的联合作用，而无需额外干预。对于不同的受试者，传递性和对称性要么通过BA、CB或AC探测测试直接诱导，要么通过等价性探测测试间接诱导。等价性探测测试也能诱导对称性和传递性的各种组合。因此，不同的受试者以不同的模式、不同的速度形成类别。
