Cebrian E, Martí R, Uriz J M, Turon X
Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, C/ Accés a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes, (Girona), Spain.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2003 Oct;46(10):1273-84. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00190-5.
The effect of low levels of pollution on the growth, reproduction output, morphology and survival of adult sponges and settlers of the sponge Crambe crambe were examined. We transplanted sponges from a control area to a contaminated site and measured the main environmental variables (chemical and physical) of both sites during the study period. Except some punctual differences in particulate organic matter, silicates, nitrates, and water motion, most environmental variables in the water were similar at both sites during the study months. Mainly copper, lead and OM concentrations in the sediment, and water motion were significantly higher at the polluted site and may be implicated in the biological effects observed: decrease in the percentage of specimens with embryos, increase in shape irregularity and decrease in growth rate. Individuals naturally occurring at the polluted site and those transplanted there for four months accumulated ten times more copper than either untouched or transplant controls. Although lead concentration in sediment did not differ between sites, native specimens from the contaminated site accumulated this metal more than untouched controls. Vanadium concentration also tended to increase in the sponges living at or transplanted to the contaminated site but this difference was not significant. C. crambe is a reliable indicator of metal contamination since it accumulates copper, lead and vanadium in high amounts. At the contaminated site, sponge growth, fecundity and survival were inhibited, whereas sponge irregularity ending in sponge fission was promoted. All these effects may compromise the structure and dynamics of the sponge populations in sheltered, metal-contaminated habitats.
研究了低水平污染对海绵Crambe crambe成体及其定居者的生长、繁殖产出、形态和存活的影响。我们将海绵从对照区域移植到受污染地点，并在研究期间测量了两个地点的主要环境变量（化学和物理变量）。除了在颗粒有机物、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和水流方面存在一些局部差异外，在研究月份期间，两个地点水体中的大多数环境变量相似。受污染地点沉积物中的主要污染物铜、铅和有机物质（OM）浓度以及水流明显更高，这可能与观察到的生物学效应有关：带有胚胎的标本百分比下降、形状不规则性增加以及生长速率下降。在受污染地点自然出现的个体以及移植到那里四个月的个体积累的铜比未受影响或移植对照个体多十倍。尽管沉积物中的铅浓度在两个地点之间没有差异，但来自受污染地点的本地标本比未受影响的对照个体积累了更多这种金属。生活在受污染地点或移植到该地点的海绵中的钒浓度也有增加的趋势，但这种差异不显著。由于C. crambe能大量积累铜、铅和钒，它是金属污染的可靠指示生物。在受污染地点，海绵的生长、繁殖力和存活受到抑制，而导致海绵分裂的海绵不规则性增加。所有这些影响可能会损害受金属污染的隐蔽生境中海绵种群的结构和动态。
