Watanabe Hirozumi, Grismer Mark E
International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan.
J Environ Manage. 2003 Oct;69(2):157-68. doi: 10.1016/s0301-4797(03)00142-7.
A numerical simulation model of pesticide runoff through vegetative filer strips (PRVFS) was developed as a tool for investigating the effects of pesticide transport mechanisms on VFS design in dormant-sprayed orchard. The PRVFS model was developed applying existing theories such as kinematic wave theory and mixing zone theory for pesticide transport in the bare soil area. For VFS area, the model performs flow routing by simple mass accounting in sequential segments and the pesticide mass balance by considering pesticide washoff and adsorption processes on the leaf, vegetative litter, root zone and soil. Model sensitivity analysis indicated that pesticide transfer from surface soil to overland flow and pesticide washoff from the VFS were important mechanisms affecting diazinon transport. The VFS cover ratio and rainfall intensity can be important design parameters for controlling diazinon runoff using inter-row VFS in orchard. The PRVFS model was validated using micro-ecosystem simulation of diazinon transport for 0, 50 and 100% VFS cover conditions. The PRVFS model is shown to be a beneficial tool for evaluating and analyzing possible best management practices for controlling offsite runoff of dormant-sprayed diazinon in orchards during the rainy season.
开发了一个农药通过植被过滤带径流（PRVFS）的数值模拟模型，作为研究农药运移机制对休眠期喷洒果园中植被过滤带设计影响的工具。PRVFS模型是应用运动波理论和混合区理论等现有理论开发的，用于裸土区域的农药运移。对于植被过滤带区域，该模型通过对连续段进行简单的质量核算来进行水流路径分析，并通过考虑农药在叶片、植物凋落物、根区和土壤上的冲刷和吸附过程来进行农药质量平衡分析。模型敏感性分析表明，农药从表层土壤向坡面流的转移以及农药从植被过滤带的冲刷是影响二嗪农运移的重要机制。植被过滤带覆盖率和降雨强度可能是果园中使用行间植被过滤带控制二嗪农径流的重要设计参数。PRVFS模型通过对二嗪农在0%、50%和100%植被过滤带覆盖条件下运移的微生态系统模拟进行了验证。结果表明，PRVFS模型是评估和分析雨季果园中控制休眠期喷洒二嗪农场外径流可能的最佳管理措施的有益工具。
