Holt Daniel D., Green Leonard, Myerson Joel
Department of Psychology, Campus Box 1125, Washington University, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA
Behav Processes. 2003 Oct 31;64(3):355-367. doi: 10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00141-4.
Discounting tasks were used to evaluate whether gambling and non-gambling college students (categorized based on their scores on the South Oaks Gambling Screen) differed in the degree to which they discounted delayed and probabilistic rewards. Hyperbola-like functions provided equally good descriptions of discounting in both groups. Both groups discounted large delayed amounts less steeply than small delayed amounts, whereas both groups discounted large probabilistic amounts more steeply than small probabilistic amounts. Gamblers discounted probabilistic rewards less steeply than non-gamblers, suggesting that gamblers are impulsive in the sense that they are less affected by risk than non-gamblers. However, gamblers did not discount delayed rewards more steeply than non-gamblers. The results argue against the view that impulsivity is a general trait that includes both an inability to delay gratification and a tendency to take risks.
折扣任务被用于评估赌博与非赌博大学生（根据他们在南橡树赌博筛查中的得分分类）在对延迟奖励和概率性奖励进行折扣的程度上是否存在差异。双曲线状函数对两组的折扣情况都提供了同样好的描述。两组对大额延迟奖励的折扣都比对小额延迟奖励的折扣更平缓，而两组对大额概率性奖励的折扣都比对小额概率性奖励的折扣更陡峭。与非赌博者相比，赌博者对概率性奖励的折扣更平缓，这表明赌博者在某种意义上更冲动，即他们比非赌博者受风险的影响更小。然而，与非赌博者相比，赌博者对延迟奖励的折扣并没有更陡峭。这些结果反驳了冲动性是一种普遍特质的观点，这种普遍特质既包括无法延迟满足，又包括冒险倾向。
