Goldstein Gerald, Minshew Nancy J, Allen Daniel N, Seaton Brent E
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, 7180 Highland Drive (151R), Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2002 Jul;17(5):461-75.
Autism and schizophrenia are separate neurodevelopmental disorders that share a number of interpersonal and cognitive deficits. The symptoms of autism first appear during early life while schizophrenic symptoms do not typically appear until adolescence at the earliest. Efforts have been made to characterize the pattern of cognitive function in both disorders, and certain resemblances have become apparent such as deficits in abstract reasoning and the more complex aspects of memory and language. The present study provided a comparison of cognitive function between the two disorders. The autistic sample consisted of well-diagnosed individuals with high-functioning autism (IQ> or =70). The schizophrenic sample was divided into four subgroups using Ward's method of cluster analysis. Participants received the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), the Halstead Category Test, the Trail Making test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WCST). The profile of the autism sample was compared with the four schizophrenia cluster profiles. The autism group resembled only one of the schizophrenia clusters, with both showing elevations on the WAIS-R Information and Block Design subtests and depressions on Comprehension and Digit Symbol. It was concluded that individuals with high-functioning autism have a cognitive profile that resembles that of an empirically derived subgroup of schizophrenia patients but that does not resemble profiles found in other schizophrenia subgroups. The pattern itself, marked by a relatively depressed score on the Comprehension subtest among the Verbal subtests and a relatively elevated score on Block Design among the Performance subtests, has been characterized in the past as a prototypic profile for high-functioning autism.
自闭症和精神分裂症是两种不同的神经发育障碍，它们有一些共同的人际和认知缺陷。自闭症症状最早出现在生命早期，而精神分裂症症状通常最早要到青春期才会出现。人们一直在努力描述这两种障碍的认知功能模式，某些相似之处已经显现出来，比如抽象推理以及记忆和语言中更复杂方面的缺陷。本研究对这两种障碍的认知功能进行了比较。自闭症样本由被确诊为高功能自闭症（智商≥70）的个体组成。精神分裂症样本使用沃德聚类分析法分为四个亚组。参与者接受了韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS-R）、霍尔斯特德类别测验、连线测验和威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）。将自闭症样本的概况与四个精神分裂症聚类概况进行了比较。自闭症组只与其中一个精神分裂症聚类相似，两者在WAIS-R的信息和积木设计子测验上得分较高，在理解和数字符号子测验上得分较低。研究得出结论，高功能自闭症个体的认知概况与根据经验得出的精神分裂症患者亚组相似，但与其他精神分裂症亚组不同。这种模式本身的特点是，在言语子测验中理解子测验得分相对较低，在操作子测验中积木设计得分相对较高，过去曾被描述为高功能自闭症的典型概况。
