Woodman Geoffrey F, Luck Steven J
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2003 Nov;14(6):605-11. doi: 10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1472.x.
When a visual target object is surrounded by four dots that onset at the same time as the target but remain visible after the target terminates, the four dots dramatically impair target discrimination performance. This phenomenon is called object-substitution masking, reflecting the hypothesis that both the target and the four dots are identified, but the representation of the four dots replaces the representation of the target object before the target can be reported. The present study used the event-related potential technique to demonstrate that a target masked in this manner is identified by the visual system and triggers a shift of attention. However, by the time attention is shifted to the target, only the mask remains visible, leading to impaired behavioral detection performance. These findings support the object-substitution hypothesis and provide new evidence that perception, attention, and awareness can be dissociated.
当一个视觉目标物体被四个与目标同时出现但在目标终止后仍可见的点包围时，这四个点会显著损害目标辨别性能。这种现象被称为客体替代掩蔽，反映了这样一种假设，即目标和四个点都被识别，但在目标能够被报告之前，四个点的表征取代了目标物体的表征。本研究使用事件相关电位技术来证明，以这种方式被掩蔽的目标被视觉系统识别并引发注意力转移。然而，当注意力转移到目标时，只有掩蔽物仍然可见，导致行为检测性能受损。这些发现支持了客体替代假设，并提供了新的证据表明感知、注意力和意识可以分离。
