Yelin E, Sonneborn D, Trupin L
Department of Medicine, Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Arthritis Care Res. 2000 Jun;13(3):168-76. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200006)13:3<168::aid-anr6>3.0.co;2-r.
To provide estimates of the frequency with which persons 51 to 61 years of age with musculoskeletal conditions receive workplace accommodations from their employers and to determine if the receipt of such accommodations is associated with higher rates of employment two years later.
The estimates derive from the Health and Retirement Survey, a national probability sample of 8,781 respondents who were interviewed both in 1992 and 1994 and who were between the ages of 51 and 61 years, of whom 5,495 reported one or more musculoskeletal conditions. We tabulated the frequency of accommodations provided in 1992 and then estimated the impact of accommodations and demographic and medical characteristics on 1994 employment status, using logistic regression.
In 1992, about 14.40 million persons aged 51-61 years reported a musculoskeletal condition. Of these, 1.32 million (9.2%) reported a disability and were employed, the target population for accommodations. Overall, fewer than 1 in 5 persons with musculoskeletal conditions who had a disability and were employed indicated that they had received any form of accommodation on their current jobs. Although no form of accommodation was reported with great frequency, the most commonly used ones included getting someone to help do one's job (12.1%), scheduling more breaks during the work day (9.5%), changing the time that the work day started and stopped (6.3%), having a shorter work day (5.6%), getting special equipment (5.3%), and changing the work tasks (5.3%). Persons with one or more accommodations in 1992, however, were no more likely to be working in 1994 than those with none. Only one specific accommodation--getting someone to help do one's job--was associated with a higher rate of employment in 1994.
Receipt of employment accommodations occurred infrequently, and was not generally associated with an improvement in the employment rate of persons with musculoskeletal conditions and disabilities.
估计51至61岁患有肌肉骨骼疾病的人群从雇主那里获得工作场所便利措施的频率，并确定获得此类便利措施是否与两年后的较高就业率相关。
这些估计值来自健康与退休调查，这是一项对8781名受访者进行的全国概率抽样调查，这些受访者在1992年和1994年都接受了访谈，年龄在51至61岁之间，其中5495人报告患有一种或多种肌肉骨骼疾病。我们列出了1992年提供便利措施的频率，然后使用逻辑回归估计便利措施以及人口统计学和医学特征对1994年就业状况的影响。
1992年，约1440万51至61岁的人报告患有肌肉骨骼疾病。其中，132万（9.2%）报告有残疾且受雇，这是获得便利措施的目标人群。总体而言，患有肌肉骨骼疾病、有残疾且受雇的人中，不到五分之一表示他们在当前工作中得到了任何形式的便利措施。虽然没有哪种便利措施被频繁报告，但最常用的包括找人帮忙工作（12.1%）、在工作日安排更多休息时间（9.5%）、改变工作日的开始和结束时间（6.3%）、缩短工作日（5.6%）、获得特殊设备（5.3%）以及改变工作任务（5.3%）。然而，1992年获得一种或多种便利措施的人在1994年工作的可能性并不比没有获得便利措施的人更高。只有一种特定的便利措施——找人帮忙工作——与1994年较高的就业率相关。
工作场所便利措施的获得情况并不常见，并且通常与患有肌肉骨骼疾病和残疾的人的就业率提高无关。
