Gandjbakhche Amir H, Chernomordik Victor, Hattery David, Hassan Moinuddin, Gannot Israel
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;2(6):537-51. doi: 10.1177/153303460300200606.
Optical methods have a long history in the field of medical diagnosis. The biomolecular specificity possible with optical methods has been particularly valuable in microscopy and histopathology while in vivo imaging of deep structures has traditionally been the domain of X-ray and MRI. The use of optical methods in deep tissue has been limited by multiple-scattering which blurs or distorts the optical signal. New stochastic methods which account for multiple scattering have been developed that are extending the usefulness of optical methods deep into tissue. In optical mammography, photons may travel through 10 cm of tissue before arriving at the detector. We have developed a method for quantifying parameters of anomalous sites in breast tissue that may be used for functional characterization of tumors. In other work presented here, we are developing fluorescence based methods to detect and monitor tumor status. The immune response to a tumor is a target for fluorescently labeled specific antibodies. We have developed a method to localize the tumor site using CW fluorescence. Additionally, we have developed a method which uses time-resolved data and capitalizes on probe lifetime sensitivity to metabolic parameters such as pH and temperature to obtain functional information from the tumor site.
光学方法在医学诊断领域有着悠久的历史。光学方法所具备的生物分子特异性在显微镜检查和组织病理学中尤为重要，而传统上，深层结构的体内成像一直是X射线和磁共振成像的领域。光学方法在深层组织中的应用受到多重散射的限制，多重散射会使光信号模糊或失真。已开发出考虑多重散射的新随机方法，这些方法正在将光学方法的用途扩展到深层组织中。在光学乳腺造影中，光子在到达探测器之前可能会穿过10厘米厚的组织。我们已经开发出一种量化乳腺组织中异常部位参数的方法，该方法可用于肿瘤的功能表征。在本文介绍的其他工作中，我们正在开发基于荧光的方法来检测和监测肿瘤状态。对肿瘤的免疫反应是荧光标记特异性抗体的一个靶点。我们已经开发出一种使用连续波荧光来定位肿瘤部位的方法。此外，我们还开发出一种方法，该方法利用时间分辨数据并利用探针寿命对诸如pH值和温度等代谢参数的敏感性，从肿瘤部位获取功能信息。
