Rush Elaine C, Plank Lindsay D, Davies Peter S W, Watson Patsy, Wall Clare R
Department of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland 1020, New Zealand.
Br J Nutr. 2003 Dec;90(6):1133-9. doi: 10.1079/bjn20031000.
Body fatness and the components of energy expenditure in children aged 5-14 years were investigated. In a group of seventy-nine healthy children (thirty-nine female, forty male), mean age 10.0 (sd 2.8) years, comprising twenty-seven Maori, twenty-six Pacific Island and twenty-six European, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as TEE:RMR. Fat-free mass (FFM), and hence fat mass, was derived from the (18)O-dilution space using appropriate values for FFM hydration in children. Qualitative information on physical activity patterns was obtained by questionnaire. Maori and Pacific children had a higher BMI than European children (P<0.003), but % body fat was similar for the three ethnic groups. The % body fat increased with age for girls (r 0.42, P=0.008), but not for boys. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of RMR adjusted for FFM and fat mass. TEE and PAL, adjusted for body weight and age, were higher in Maori than European children (P<0.02), with Pacific children having intermediate values. PAL was inversely correlated with % body fat in boys (r -0.43, P=0.006), but was not significantly associated in girls. The % body fat was not correlated with reported time spent inactive or outdoors. Ethnic-related differences in total and activity-related energy expenditure that might account for higher obesity rates in Maori and Pacific children were not seen. Low levels of physical activity were associated with increased body fat in boys but not in girls.
对5至14岁儿童的身体脂肪含量和能量消耗组成部分进行了调查。在一组79名健康儿童（39名女性，40名男性）中，平均年龄为10.0岁（标准差2.8），其中包括27名毛利人、26名太平洋岛民和26名欧洲人，使用双标水法在10天内测定了总能量消耗（TEE）。通过间接量热法测量静息代谢率（RMR），并将身体活动水平（PAL）计算为TEE:RMR。使用儿童FFM水合作用的适当值，从（18）O稀释空间得出去脂体重（FFM），进而得出脂肪量。通过问卷调查获得了关于身体活动模式的定性信息。毛利人和太平洋岛民儿童的BMI高于欧洲儿童（P<0.003），但三个种族群体的体脂百分比相似。女孩的体脂百分比随年龄增长而增加（r=0.42，P=0.008），但男孩并非如此。在根据FFM和脂肪量进行调整后，种族不是RMR的显著预测因素。在根据体重和年龄进行调整后，毛利儿童的TEE和PAL高于欧洲儿童（P<0.02），太平洋岛民儿童的值介于两者之间。男孩的PAL与体脂百分比呈负相关（r=-0.43，P=0.006），但女孩中无显著关联。体脂百分比与报告的不活动或户外活动时间无关。未发现与种族相关的总能量消耗和与活动相关的能量消耗差异，而这些差异可能是毛利人和太平洋岛民儿童肥胖率较高的原因。男孩的低身体活动水平与体脂增加有关，但女孩并非如此。
