Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira, Proietti Fernando Augusto, Carneiro-Proietti Anna Bárbara, Mingoti Sueli Aparecida, Doneda Denise, Gandolfi Denise, Reis Angela Cristina Maia
Department of Preventative and Social Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Dec 15;37 Suppl 5:S376-81. doi: 10.1086/377555.
Changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injection drug users (IDUs) are provoking a shift in the pattern of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in some regions of Brazil. IDUs living in 2 cities (Porto Alegre and Itajaí) in southern Brazil were contacted, interviewed, and tested for HIV. In 1998, 187 IDUs were surveyed and, in 2000, 352 IDUs. In Porto Alegre, HIV seroprevalence, age, and duration of injection history increased significantly over time. In contrast, a trend toward decline was observed in Itajaí. Homelessness, joblessness, and prison incarceration, as well as lifetime needle sharing, also increased over time in Porto Alegre. At the time of the study, at both sites, rates of needle sharing and condom use were similar, but use of syringe exchange programs, health and drug treatment, and HIV testing had increased over time. IDUs living in southern Brazil are at increased risk of HIV infection, indicating the continued need for permanent surveillance and preventive strategies.
注射吸毒者中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染情况的变化正在促使巴西一些地区的HIV/AIDS流行模式发生转变。研究人员联系、访谈了居住在巴西南部两个城市（阿雷格里港和伊塔雅伊）的注射吸毒者，并对他们进行了HIV检测。1998年调查了187名注射吸毒者，2000年调查了352名。在阿雷格里港，HIV血清阳性率、年龄以及注射史时长随时间显著增加。相比之下，伊塔雅伊则呈现出下降趋势。在阿雷格里港，无家可归、失业、入狱情况以及终生共用针头的情况也随时间增加。在研究时，两个地点的共用针头率和安全套使用率相似，但随着时间推移，注射器交换项目的使用、健康及药物治疗以及HIV检测均有所增加。居住在巴西南部的注射吸毒者感染HIV的风险增加，这表明持续进行长期监测和采取预防策略的必要性。
