César-Neto João B, Duarte Poliana M, Sallum Enilson A, Barbieri Deise, Moreno Heitor, Nociti Francisco H
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Periodontol. 2003 Oct;74(10):1454-9. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.10.1454.
A series of isolated studies has focused on the influence of smoking on bone around titanium implants. This study proposes to investigate the impact of two conditions, i.e., nicotine administration and cigarette smoke inhalation, on the healing around implants.
Forty-five Wistar rats were used. After anesthesia, the tibiae surface was exposed and a screw-shaped titanium implant was placed bilaterally. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Group 1: control, n = 19; Group 2: intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation, n = 15; and Group 3: subcutaneous administration of nicotine (3 mg/kg) twice daily, n = 11. After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed. The degree of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and the bone area (BA) within the limits of the threads of the implant were measured in the cortical (zone A) and cancellous bone (zone B) areas.
In zone A, cigarette smoke presented a significant negative influence on BIC and BA (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.05). In contrast, the administration of nicotine did not influence either parameter (P > 0.05). In zone B, cigarette smoke inhalation also resulted in a decreased percentage of BIC compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the BA was significantly decreased in groups 2 and 3 when compared to controls (P > 0.05).
The negative impact of smoking on implant outcomes may be related to more than one molecule present in the cigarette smoke and nicotine seems to partially contribute, especially in the cancellous bone.
一系列独立研究聚焦于吸烟对钛植入物周围骨组织的影响。本研究旨在调查两种情况，即给予尼古丁和吸入香烟烟雾，对植入物周围愈合的影响。
使用45只Wistar大鼠。麻醉后，暴露胫骨表面并双侧植入螺旋形钛植入物。动物被随机分为以下几组：第1组：对照组，n = 19；第2组：间歇性吸入香烟烟雾，n = 15；第3组：每天皮下注射尼古丁（3 mg/kg）两次，n = 11。60天后，处死动物。在皮质骨（A区）和松质骨（B区）测量植入物螺纹范围内的骨与植入物接触程度（BIC）和骨面积（BA）。
在A区，香烟烟雾对BIC和BA有显著负面影响（Kruskal-Wallis检验，P < 0.05）。相比之下，给予尼古丁对这两个参数均无影响（P > 0.05）。在B区，与对照组相比，吸入香烟烟雾也导致BIC百分比降低（P < 0.05）。此外，与对照组相比，第2组和第3组的BA显著降低（P > 0.05）。
吸烟对植入物结果的负面影响可能与香烟烟雾中存在的多种分子有关，尼古丁似乎起到了部分作用，尤其是在松质骨中。
