Ueno D, Takahashi S, Tanaka H, Subramanian A N, Fillmann G, Nakata H, Lam P K S, Zheng J, Muchtar M, Prudente M, Chung K H, Tanabe S
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2003 Oct;45(3):378-89. doi: 10.1007/s00244-002-0131-9.
Concentrations of organochlorines (OCs) representing persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), were determined in the liver of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) collected from the offshore waters of various regions in the world (offshore waters around Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Seychelles, and Brazil, and the Japan Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the North Pacific Ocean). OCs were detected in livers of all of the skipjack tuna collected from the locations surveyed, supporting the thesis that there is widespread contamination of persistent OCs in the marine environment. Within a location, no significant relationship between growth-stage (body length and weight) and OC concentrations (lipid weight basis) was observed, and the OC residue levels were rather uniform among the individuals. Interestingly, the distribution of OC concentrations in skipjack tuna was similar to those in surface seawaters from which they were taken. These results suggest that OC concentrations in skipjack tuna could reflect the pollution levels in seawater from which they are collected and that this species is a suitable bioindicator for monitoring the global distribution of OCs in offshore waters and the open ocean. Concentrations of PCBs and CHLs in skipjack tuna were higher in offshore waters around Japan (up to 1100 and 250 ng/g lipid wt, respectively), suggesting the presence of sources of PCBs and CHLs in Japan. High concentrations of DDTs and HCHs were observed in samples from the Japan Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, and the Bay of Bengal (up to 1300 and 22 ng/g lipid wt, respectively). This result suggests recent use of technical DDT and HCH for agricultural and/or public health purposes in Russia, China, India, and some other developing Asian countries. Relatively high concentrations of PCBs, CHLs, HCHs, and HCB were also observed in samples collected from some locations in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, indicating the expansion of OC contamination on a global scale. Considering these facts, continuous studies monitoring these compounds in offshore waters and the open seas, using skipjack tuna as a bioindicator, are needed to further understand the future trend of contamination.
对从世界各地区近海水域（日本、台湾、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、塞舌尔和巴西周边近海水域，以及日本海、东海、南海、孟加拉湾和北太平洋）采集的鲣鱼（Katsuwonus pelamis）肝脏中有机氯（OCs）的浓度进行了测定，这些有机氯代表持久性有机污染物（POPs），如多氯联苯（PCBs）、滴滴涕及其代谢物（DDTs）、氯丹化合物（CHLs）、六氯环己烷异构体（HCHs）和六氯苯（HCB）。在所调查地点采集的所有鲣鱼肝脏中均检测到了有机氯，这支持了海洋环境中持久性有机氯广泛污染的观点。在一个地点内，未观察到生长阶段（体长和体重）与有机氯浓度（以脂质重量计）之间存在显著关系，并且个体之间的有机氯残留水平相当均匀。有趣的是，鲣鱼体内有机氯浓度的分布与它们所采集的表层海水中的分布相似。这些结果表明，鲣鱼体内的有机氯浓度可以反映它们所采集海水的污染水平，并且该物种是监测近海水域和公海中有机氯全球分布的合适生物指示物。日本周边近海水域鲣鱼体内多氯联苯和氯丹的浓度较高（分别高达1100和250纳克/克脂质重量），这表明日本存在多氯联苯和氯丹的来源。在日本海、东海、南海和孟加拉湾的样本中观察到高浓度的滴滴涕和六氯环己烷（分别高达1300和22纳克/克脂质重量）。这一结果表明，俄罗斯、中国、印度和其他一些亚洲发展中国家近期将工业用滴滴涕和六氯环己烷用于农业和/或公共卫生目的。在太平洋中部一些地点采集的样本中也观察到相对较高浓度的多氯联苯、氯丹、六氯环己烷和六氯苯，这表明有机氯污染在全球范围内有所扩大。考虑到这些事实，需要以鲣鱼作为生物指示物，持续开展对近海水域和公海中这些化合物的监测研究，以进一步了解污染的未来趋势。
