Singh A B, Kumar Pawan
Aerobiology and Allergy Laboratory, Centre for Biochemical Technology (CSIR), Delhi University Campus.
Indian J Pediatr. 2002 Mar;69(3):245-50. doi: 10.1007/BF02734234.
Respiratory allergy affects all age groups but the children are the worst affected by the respiratory allergy. Bioparticles from different biological sources are the main cause of allergy. Pollen grains, fungal spores, insect and other materials of biological origin form the most important allergen load in the air. For the efficient diagnosis of the allergy and its effective treatment it is very important to know about the prevalence, seasonal and annual variations of aeroallergens of the area. India being the climatically diversed country, there is diversity in the flora and fauna of different parts of the country. Atmospheric surveys carried out in different parts of India reveal that, Alanus nitida, Amarantus spinosus, Argemone mexicana Cocos nucifera, Betula utilis, Borasus flabellifer, Caraica papaya, Cedrus deodara, Cassia fistula, Parthenium, Chenopodium album, Dodonaea viscosa, Malotus phillipensis, Plantago ovata, Prosopis juliflora, Ricinus communis, Holoptelea intergifolia are the allergenically important pollens of the country. Among the fungal aeroallergens, Alternaria, Candida aibieans, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus japonicus, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Fusarium roseum, Ganoderma lucidum,Neurospora sitophila Helminthosporium, Ustilago trtici, Uromyses are important allergens. Dust mites D. farinae, D.pteronyssinus are also important source of inhalant allergens particularly in the coastal areas of the country. Cockroaches, beetles, weevils, mosquitoes, house flies also contribute towards the aeroallergen load and are allergenically implicated. Avoidance of the indoor and outdoor aeroallergens is recommended for better management of respiratory allergy.
呼吸道过敏影响所有年龄组，但儿童受呼吸道过敏影响最为严重。来自不同生物源的生物颗粒是过敏的主要原因。花粉粒、真菌孢子、昆虫及其他生物源物质构成了空气中最重要的过敏原负荷。为了对过敏进行有效诊断和治疗，了解该地区气传过敏原的流行情况、季节性和年度变化非常重要。印度是一个气候多样的国家，该国不同地区的动植物也多种多样。在印度不同地区进行的大气调查显示，光亮阿兰那斯、刺苋、墨西哥蓟罂粟、椰子、喜玛拉雅桦、扇叶棕、番木瓜、雪松、腊肠树、银胶菊、藜、樟味藜、坡柳、枇杷、卵叶车前、牧豆树、蓖麻、全缘叶朴是该国具有过敏重要性的花粉。在真菌气传过敏原中，链格孢属、白念珠菌（白色念珠菌）、杂色曲霉、土曲霉、日本曲霉、枝孢枝孢、粉红镰刀菌、灵芝、嗜热栖热放线菌、长蠕孢属、小麦散黑粉菌、疣黑粉菌是重要的过敏原。粉尘螨中的粉尘螨和屋尘螨也是吸入性过敏原的重要来源，尤其是在该国沿海地区。蟑螂、甲虫、象鼻虫、蚊子、家蝇也会增加气传过敏原负荷，并与过敏有关。建议避免室内和室外的气传过敏原，以更好地管理呼吸道过敏。
