del Pozo S, Cuadrado C, Moreiras O
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España.
Nutr Hosp. 2003 Nov-Dec;18(6):348-52.
There are few longitudinal studies linking eating habits, diets, nutritional content and their repercussions on health. For this reason, the European Union's Concerted Action on Nutrition and Health, Euronut, organized an international, multi-centric longitudinal cohort study in 1988 in an attempt to analyze these factors in various food cultures of Europe. This study was given the name SENECA (Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly: a Concerted Action). To this end, several types of tests were performed: a general questionnaire (collecting information on: personal details, social and demographic status, socio-economic situation, lifestyle and physical activity and dietary or other living habits), a dietary study, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The present paper has attempted to assess the differences due to gender and age (in the same subjects), for which purpose data has been collated from a group of individuals between 71 and 80 years of age on the quantitative and qualitative food consumption, energy and nutrient intake and their contribution to the recommended daily intake. The four groups of foods most consumed in both parts of the study were: fruit, milk and its derivatives, vegetables, and cereals and their derivatives, during the four years that have elapsed, a significant reduction was seen in the consumption of certain foods, both in the total of the sample and for the distribution by gender. As a result, with a four-year increase in age, i.e. in the second part of the study, a reduction in energy intake was observed to have a considerable impact on the intake of most micronutrients. The percentile distribution shows that there are individuals who consume very small amounts (or nothing at all) of certain foods. High percentages of individuals were seen not to cover the recommended intake.
很少有纵向研究将饮食习惯、饮食结构、营养成分及其对健康的影响联系起来。因此，欧盟的营养与健康协同行动（Euronut）于1988年组织了一项国际多中心纵向队列研究，试图分析欧洲各种饮食文化中的这些因素。这项研究被命名为SENECA（欧洲营养与老年人调查：一项协同行动）。为此，进行了几种类型的测试：一份综合问卷（收集关于个人详细信息、社会和人口状况、社会经济情况、生活方式、身体活动以及饮食或其他生活习惯的信息）、一项饮食研究、人体测量和生化参数。本文试图评估性别和年龄（在同一受试者中）造成的差异，为此从一组71至80岁的个体中整理了关于食物定量和定性消费、能量和营养摄入及其对推荐每日摄入量贡献的数据。在研究的两个阶段中，消费最多的四类食物都是：水果、牛奶及其制品、蔬菜以及谷物及其制品。在过去的四年里，某些食物的消费量显著下降，无论是在样本总体中还是按性别分布来看都是如此。结果，随着年龄增长四岁，即在研究的第二阶段，观察到能量摄入的减少对大多数微量营养素的摄入产生了相当大的影响。百分位数分布显示，有个体食用某些食物的量非常少（或根本不吃）。有很高比例的个体未达到推荐摄入量。
