Arija V, Salas Salvadó J, Fernández-Ballart J, Cucó G, Martí-Henneberg C
Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición y Crecimiento Humano, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona.
Med Clin (Barc). 1996 Feb 10;106(5):174-9.
Mediterranean diet (a greater intake of olive oil, cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables), is related to a lower prevalence of some associated diseases. The aim of the study was to observe in a Spanish population the evolution of dietary intake, whether there could be changes in the contribution of different kinds of food in energy intake, and the importance of socioeconomic and cultural factors which could influence this phenomenon.
Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24 hours recall method in a representative sample (n = 941, age range = 10-69) of a Reus population (Spain). This longitudinal study consisted of 70% of the sample studied in 1983 using identical methodology.
From 1983 to 1993, we observed a significant increment of lactic derivatives (50.0%), vegetables (12.5%) and fruit intake (10.6%), and a significant decrease in tubercles (-56%), eggs (-15.6%), sugars (-13.0%), milk (-9.2%), and cereal (-7.6%) intake. Meat, fish, and visible fat intake remained unchanged. The intake of the 9 groups of food was different for men and women along this time period. We observed an increment in animal sources to our diet, primarily because of an increment in lactic derivative intake and a decrease in tubercles intake. Differences observed in 1983 between social classes related to different kinds of nutrients had nearly disappeared in 1993. Medium and high social classes followed very similar diets. However, the group of population with lowest socioeconomic status had a lower intake of energy and nutrients.
Our diet consisted of the main characteristics of the typical mediterranean diet, although we observed a decrease in cereal intake and an increase in food of animal origin. Differences observed in 1983 related to dietary habits and nutritional profile between medium and high social classes, disappeared in 1993. However, there exists a small group of people of low social class which had a lower intake of energy and other nutrients.
地中海饮食（更多摄入橄榄油、谷物、豆类、水果和蔬菜）与某些相关疾病的较低患病率有关。本研究的目的是观察西班牙人群的饮食摄入量变化情况，不同种类食物在能量摄入中的贡献是否会发生改变，以及可能影响这一现象的社会经济和文化因素的重要性。
采用24小时回忆法对西班牙雷乌斯人群的一个代表性样本（n = 941，年龄范围10 - 69岁）进行饮食摄入量评估。这项纵向研究包括了1983年使用相同方法研究的70%的样本。
从1983年到1993年，我们观察到乳酸衍生物（增加50.0%）、蔬菜（增加12.5%）和水果摄入量（增加10.6%）显著增加，而块茎类（减少56%）、鸡蛋（减少15.6%）、糖类（减少13.0%）、牛奶（减少9.2%）和谷物（减少7.6%）摄入量显著减少。肉类、鱼类和可见脂肪的摄入量保持不变。在这一时期，9类食物的摄入量在男性和女性之间存在差异。我们观察到饮食中动物源性食物的摄入量增加，主要是由于乳酸衍生物摄入量增加和块茎类摄入量减少。1983年观察到的不同社会阶层在不同营养素方面的差异在1993年几乎消失。中高社会阶层的饮食非常相似。然而，社会经济地位最低的人群能量和营养素摄入量较低。
我们的饮食具有典型地中海饮食的主要特征，尽管我们观察到谷物摄入量减少，动物源性食物摄入量增加。1983年观察到的中高社会阶层在饮食习惯和营养状况方面的差异在1993年消失。然而，存在一小部分社会阶层较低的人群，其能量和其他营养素摄入量较低。
