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精神分裂症的出生季节性是由什么引起的?

What causes seasonality of birth in schizophrenia?

作者信息

Tochigi Mamoru, Okazaki Yuji, Kato Nobumasa, Sasaki Tsukasa

机构信息

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

出版信息

Neurosci Res. 2004 Jan;48(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2003.09.002.

Abstract

An excess of winter-spring births (and/or a decrease of summer births) has consistently been observed in schizophrenia (SCZ). This observation may provide a significant clue about the causes of the disease if specific factors which cause the phenomenon can be determined. This paper reviews several studies which investigated factors correlated with this observation in SCZ, in an attempt to determine which factors more likely cause the seasonality. Among the candidates of the factors are meteorological variables (such as ambient temperature), several infections, maternal hormones, sperm quality, nutrition and external toxins. A variation of procreation might also have an effect. Among the factors, the most extensively studied are temperature and viral infections. Some of them have appeared promising, but further studies are definitely required. Several challenges, including complicated correlations of the factors and determination of the susceptible period during pregnancy, need to be overcome. Comparisons of the data from areas and cohorts with different patterns of the candidate factors may be helpful. Animal studies may also help investigate the molecular and physiological mechanisms of the phenomenon.

摘要

在精神分裂症(SCZ)患者中,冬春两季出生的人数过多(和/或夏季出生的人数减少)这一现象一直存在。如果能够确定导致这一现象的具体因素,那么这一观察结果可能为该疾病的病因提供重要线索。本文回顾了多项研究,这些研究调查了与精神分裂症中这一观察结果相关的因素,试图确定哪些因素更有可能导致季节性变化。这些因素的候选者包括气象变量(如环境温度)、几种感染、母体激素、精子质量、营养和外部毒素。生育方式的变化也可能产生影响。在这些因素中,研究最为广泛的是温度和病毒感染。其中一些因素看起来很有前景,但肯定还需要进一步研究。需要克服几个挑战,包括这些因素的复杂相关性以及孕期易感期的确定。比较来自具有不同候选因素模式的地区和队列的数据可能会有所帮助。动物研究也可能有助于探究这一现象的分子和生理机制。

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