Wink Paul, Dillon Michele
Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 02481-8203, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2003 Dec;18(4):916-24. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.916.
This study used longitudinal data to examine the relations among religiousness, spirituality, and 3 key domains of psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: (a) sources of well-being, (b) involvement in tasks of everyday life, and (c) generativity and wisdom. Religiousness and spirituality were operationalized as distinct but overlapping dimensions of individual difference. In late adulthood, religiousness was positively related to well-being from positive relations with others, involvement in social and community life tasks, and generativity. Spirituality was positively related to well-being from personal growth, involvement in creative and knowledge-building life tasks, and wisdom. Neither religiousness nor spirituality was associated with narcissism. The relations between religiousness, spirituality, and outcomes in late adulthood were also observed using religiousness scored in early and spirituality scored in late middle adulthood. All analyses were controlled for gender, cohort, social class, and the overlap between religiousness and spirituality.
本研究使用纵向数据来检验宗教信仰、精神性与成年晚期心理社会功能的三个关键领域之间的关系：（a）幸福的来源，（b）参与日常生活任务，以及（c）繁衍力和智慧。宗教信仰和精神性被界定为个体差异中不同但相互重叠的维度。在成年晚期，宗教信仰与来自与他人的积极关系、参与社会和社区生活任务以及繁衍力所带来的幸福感呈正相关。精神性与来自个人成长、参与创造性和知识积累生活任务以及智慧所带来的幸福感呈正相关。宗教信仰和精神性均与自恋无关。通过在成年早期的宗教信仰得分和成年中后期的精神性得分，也观察到了宗教信仰、精神性与成年晚期结果之间的关系。所有分析均对性别、队列、社会阶层以及宗教信仰和精神性之间的重叠进行了控制。
