Diez Roux Ana V
Department of Epidemiology and Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
J Urban Health. 2003 Dec;80(4):569-89. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jtg065.
The article begins with a discussion of the rationale for studying the relationship between residential environments and cardiovascular health. Existing empirical research relating residential environments to cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors is summarized. The research areas discussed include neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and cardiovascular disease, the effects of residential environments on physical activity, and the effects of residential environments on diet. Other mechanisms through which residential environments may affect cardiovascular health are also briefly noted. Key challenges in investigating the relationship between residential environments and health are discussed. These challenges include characterizing environments (including definition and geographic scale as well as conceptualization and measurement of relevant features), the limitations of observational studies, and the need to evaluate the health impact of interventions or "naturally" occurring changes in local environments. The need for interdisciplinary work is emphasized.
本文开篇讨论了研究居住环境与心血管健康之间关系的基本原理。总结了将居住环境与心血管疾病结局及风险因素相关联的现有实证研究。所讨论的研究领域包括邻里社会经济特征与心血管疾病、居住环境对身体活动的影响以及居住环境对饮食的影响。还简要提及了居住环境可能影响心血管健康的其他机制。讨论了调查居住环境与健康之间关系的关键挑战。这些挑战包括环境特征描述（包括定义和地理尺度以及相关特征的概念化和测量）、观察性研究的局限性，以及评估干预措施或当地环境“自然”发生变化对健康的影响的必要性。强调了跨学科工作的必要性。
