Rosander Kerstin, von Hofsten Claes
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, S-5142 Uppsala, Sweden.
Cognition. 2004 Feb;91(1):1-22. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(03)00166-5.
The emerging ability to represent an oscillating moving object over occlusions was studied in 7-21-week-old infants. The object moved at 0.25 Hz and was either occluded at the center of the trajectory (for 0.3 s) or at one turning point (for 0.7 s). Each trial lasted for 20 s. Both eye and head movements were measured. By using two kinds of motion, sinusoidal (varying velocity) and triangular (constant velocity), infants' ability to take velocity change into account when predicting the reappearance of the moving object was tested. Over the age period studied, performance at the central occluder progressed from almost total ignorance of what happened to consistent predictive behavior. From around 12 weeks of age, infants began to form representations of the moving object that persisted over temporary occlusions. At around 5 months of age these representations began to incorporate the dynamics of the represented motion. Strong learning effects were obtained over single trials, but there was no evidence of retention between trials. The individual differences were profound.
研究人员对7至21周大的婴儿进行了研究，以探究他们在遮挡物后再现振荡运动物体的新能力。物体以0.25赫兹的频率移动，要么在轨迹中心被遮挡（持续0.3秒），要么在一个转折点被遮挡（持续0.7秒）。每次试验持续20秒。研究人员同时测量了婴儿的眼睛和头部运动。通过使用正弦（变速）和三角（匀速）两种运动方式，测试了婴儿在预测移动物体再次出现时考虑速度变化的能力。在所研究的年龄阶段，在中央遮挡物情况下，婴儿的表现从几乎完全不知道发生了什么，发展到一致的预测行为。从大约12周大开始，婴儿开始形成在暂时遮挡期间持续存在的移动物体表征。在大约5个月大时，这些表征开始纳入所表征运动的动力学信息。在单次试验中获得了强烈学习效果，但没有证据表明试验之间存在记忆保留。个体差异非常显著。
