van der Klink Jac J L, van Dijk Frank J H
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003 Dec;29(6):478-87. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.756.
Stress-related disorders, especially adjustment disorders, are widespread among working populations and are responsible for high costs in terms of suffering, sick leave, disability, and economic losses. Despite their high prevalence, there has been relatively little research on the effectiveness of treatments in an occupational health care setting. Guidelines for occupational physicians and general practitioners in relation to mental health problems were recently developed in The Netherlands and are discussed in this article. The guidelines provide a classification based on terms that are already used in the profession and are consistent with the diagnosis "adjustment disorder". They give recommendations for guidance and treatment on the basis of existing evidence, experience in adjacent fields, and consensus procedures. They are based on cognitive behavioral principles, mainly stress inoculation training and graded activity, and aim to enhance the problem-solving capacity of patients in relation to the work environment. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the exchange of and a discussion on methods and good practices in primary and occupational health care.
与压力相关的疾病，尤其是适应障碍，在工作人群中广泛存在，并在痛苦、病假、残疾和经济损失方面造成高昂代价。尽管其患病率很高，但在职业卫生保健环境中，针对治疗效果的研究相对较少。荷兰最近制定了针对职业医生和全科医生的心理健康问题指南，本文将对其进行讨论。这些指南基于该行业已使用的术语进行分类，并与“适应障碍”的诊断一致。它们根据现有证据、相邻领域的经验和共识程序，给出指导和治疗建议。它们基于认知行为原则，主要是压力接种训练和分级活动，旨在提高患者应对工作环境问题的能力。本文的目的是促进初级卫生保健和职业卫生保健中方法和良好实践的交流与讨论。
