McArdell Christa S, Molnar Eva, Suter Marc J F, Giger Walter
EAWAG (Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology), Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Dec 15;37(24):5479-86. doi: 10.1021/es034368i.
An analytical method was developed for determining macrolide antibiotics in treated wastewater effluents and in ambient water based on solid-phase extraction and LC/MS analysis as well as on LC/MS/MS for structural confirmation. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) macrolides are only partly eliminated and can therefore reach the aquatic environment. In treated effluents from three WWTPs in Switzerland, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and erythromycin-H2O, the main degradation product of erythromycin, were found. The most abundant, clarithromycin, reflects the consumption pattern of macrolide antibiotics. Summer concentrations of clarithromycin varied between 57 and 330 ng/L in treated WWTP effluents. In the WWTP Kloten-Opfikon seasonal differences revealed a load two times higher in winter than in summer. The higher abundance of erythromycin-H2O in the effluent of WWTP Kloten-Opfikon can be explained by distinct consumption patterns due to the main international airport of Switzerland in the catchment area. In the Glatt River clarithromycin reached concentrations of up to 75 ng/L. Mass flux determinations in treated effluents and in river water in the Glatt Valley watershed showed that elimination of clarithromycin along the river stretch of 36 km is insignificant (<20%). Investigations in the Glatt River before and after the diversion of the largest WWTP revealed an observable decrease in clarithromycin loads.
建立了一种基于固相萃取和液相色谱/质谱分析以及液相色谱/串联质谱进行结构确证的分析方法，用于测定处理后的废水流出物和环境水中的大环内酯类抗生素。在污水处理厂（WWTPs）中，大环内酯类抗生素仅被部分去除，因此可能进入水生环境。在瑞士三个污水处理厂的处理后流出物中，发现了克拉霉素、罗红霉素以及红霉素的主要降解产物红霉素-H2O。含量最高的克拉霉素反映了大环内酯类抗生素的消费模式。处理后的污水处理厂流出物中，克拉霉素的夏季浓度在57至330纳克/升之间。在克洛滕-奥普菲孔污水处理厂，季节性差异显示冬季负荷比夏季高两倍。由于集水区内有瑞士主要国际机场，克洛滕-奥普菲孔污水处理厂流出物中红霉素-H2O含量较高可归因于不同的消费模式。在格拉特河中，克拉霉素浓度高达75纳克/升。对格拉特谷流域处理后的流出物和河水中的质量通量测定表明，在36公里的河段上，克拉霉素的去除率微不足道（<20%）。对最大的污水处理厂分流前后的格拉特河进行调查发现，克拉霉素负荷有明显下降。
