Luk Weety Suet-Ching
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
J Clin Nurs. 2004 Feb;13(2):201-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00867.x.
After undergoing kidney transplant surgery, patients face many new challenges. For example, they face new pathologies associated with the complex medical regimens that they will need to follow rigorously for the rest of their lives. They live with the uncertainty and fear of organ rejection. They will also need to acquire new skills to take care of themselves, such as recognizing the signs and symptoms of impending infection and rejection. This suggests that once a transplant has been performed and the patient has been discharged with a functioning graft, the patient must continue to deal with a life of chronic illness.
The aim of this study was to explore health-related quality of life of Chinese kidney transplant patients in Hong Kong.
Non-structured interviews were conducted. The transcripts were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Codes were used to identify a passage of text that the researcher interprets as having a particular meaning. Data analysis is an iterative process. The codes emerging from each new interview were analysed together with the codes which had previously emerged. Across the dataset, codes were compared for similarities and differences, both within and across interviews. Codes of common property were clustered into categories. The transcripts were re-read and checked against the categories until there was no more to be gleaned, and the titles of the categories reflected the totality of that experience. Interviews were conducted until unique categories were no longer identified. There were 31 participants.
The participants are complying with medication regimens and nursing recommendations. Although new symptoms related to the medication regime surfaced, participants commented that they improved markedly in physical and social functioning, and have a better quality of life as a whole. Participants expressed their needs regarding information on the side effects of medications, proper exercise and diet.
To optimize post-transplant quality of life, a follow-up rehabilitation programme is recommended.
Rich and meaningful insights about the perceptions and experiences of renal patients after transplantion can be obtained in this study. Having known the real needs of patients, nurses can develop strategies to help patients to cope with the demands of life with a renal graft, from the early days of convalescence to re-integration into work, family responsibilities and life beyond.
肾移植手术后，患者面临许多新挑战。例如，他们面临与复杂医疗方案相关的新病症，而这些方案他们余生都需严格遵循。他们生活在器官排斥的不确定性和恐惧之中。他们还需要掌握照顾自己的新技能，比如识别即将发生感染和排斥的体征和症状。这表明，一旦完成移植手术且患者带着功能正常的移植物出院，患者必须继续应对慢性病生活。
本研究旨在探讨香港中国肾移植患者的健康相关生活质量。
进行了非结构化访谈。通过定性内容分析法对访谈记录进行分析。编码用于识别研究人员解读为具有特定含义的一段文本。数据分析是一个迭代过程。每次新访谈中出现的编码与之前出现的编码一起进行分析。在整个数据集中，对编码在访谈内部和访谈之间的异同进行比较。具有共同属性的编码被聚类为类别。重新阅读访谈记录并对照类别进行检查，直到无法再获取更多信息，且类别的标题反映了该经历的全貌。持续进行访谈，直到不再识别出独特的类别。共有31名参与者。
参与者遵守药物治疗方案和护理建议。尽管出现了与药物治疗方案相关的新症状，但参与者表示他们的身体和社会功能有显著改善，总体生活质量更好。参与者表达了他们对药物副作用信息、适当运动和饮食的需求。
为优化移植后生活质量，建议开展后续康复计划。
本研究可以获得关于肾移植患者移植后认知和经历的丰富而有意义的见解。了解患者的实际需求后，护士可以制定策略，帮助患者从康复早期到重新融入工作、承担家庭责任及回归正常生活，应对肾移植后的生活需求。
