Martins M L, Martins H M, Gimeno A
Departimento de Higiene Pública, Serviço de Micologia, Lisbon, Portugal.
Food Addit Contam. 2003 Dec;20(12):1127-31. doi: 10.1080/02652030310001620405.
Coffee is produced in tropical countries around the Equator where climatic conditions are favourable for fungal development and mycotoxin production; however, mycotoxins do not only occur in the tropical countries. The aim was to evaluate the mycoflora and possible incidence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in 60 samples of green coffee beans from Brazil. The mycological evaluation was carried out using a conventional method and the OTA was determined using sequential phenyl silane and immunoaffinity column cleanup followed by HPLC. The detection limit was 0.2 microg kg(-1). Practically all samples (91.7%) were contaminated with moulds. The dominant fungal genus was Aspergillus, including A. niger (83.3%), A. ochraceus (53.3%) and A. flavus (25.0%). The occurrence and the levels of the genus Cladosporium (16.6%) and Penicillium (10.0%) were substantially lower than Aspergilli. Twenty samples (33.3%) of 60 were contaminated with the toxin at levels ranging from 0.2 to 7.3microg kg(-1). The average concentration was 2.38 microg kg(-1). All positive samples showed OTA levels below the limit suggested by the European Union (8 microg kg(-1)).
咖啡产自赤道附近的热带国家，那里的气候条件有利于真菌生长和霉菌毒素的产生；然而，霉菌毒素并非只出现在热带国家。本研究旨在评估来自巴西的60份生咖啡豆样品中的真菌菌群以及赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的可能发生率。采用传统方法进行真菌学评估，使用串联苯基硅烷和免疫亲和柱净化，随后进行高效液相色谱法测定OTA。检测限为0.2微克/千克。几乎所有样品（91.7%）都被霉菌污染。优势真菌属为曲霉属，包括黑曲霉（83.3%）、赭曲霉（53.3%）和黄曲霉（25.0%）。枝孢属（16.6%）和青霉属（10.0%）的出现频率和含量远低于曲霉属。60份样品中有20份（33.3%）被该毒素污染，含量范围为0.2至7.3微克/千克。平均浓度为2.38微克/千克。所有阳性样品的OTA含量均低于欧盟建议的限值（8微克/千克）。
