Ram C Venkata S
Texas Blood Pressure Institute, Dallas Nephrology Associates, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75240, USA.
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2002;2(2):77-89. doi: 10.2165/00129784-200202020-00002.
For most patients with systemic hypertension, long-term drug treatment is indicated and is beneficial. There is overwhelming evidence to suggest that antihypertensive drugs offer protection against complications of hypertension. Whereas nondrug therapeutic options should be implemented in all patients, a vast majority will require pharmacological treatment to achieve goal blood pressure levels. Fortunately, a number of drugs are available to accomplish successful treatment of hypertensive disorders. While it is conventional to initiate treatment with a single drug, a suitable combination of drugs is often required to control the blood pressure effectively. Although diuretics and beta-blockers are effective and well tolerated, other classes of drugs are being increasingly used as the initial choice of therapy for hypertension. Every class of antihypertensive drugs offer advantages and some disadvantage; the physician should weigh the benefits and risks in selecting one drug over another. While the clinical parameters are followed in the management of patients with hypertension, it is also necessary to monitor the patients' biochemical profile periodically in order to modify and adjust the therapy accordingly. A careful selection of drug therapy along with close follow-up offers the best prospect to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality in hypertension. This article provides an overview of drugs in the management of patients with hypertension.
对于大多数系统性高血压患者而言，需要进行长期药物治疗，且这种治疗是有益的。有大量证据表明，降压药物可预防高血压并发症。虽然所有患者都应采用非药物治疗方案，但绝大多数患者需要药物治疗才能达到目标血压水平。幸运的是，有多种药物可用于成功治疗高血压疾病。虽然传统上是先用单一药物开始治疗，但通常需要合适的药物组合才能有效控制血压。尽管利尿剂和β受体阻滞剂有效且耐受性良好，但其他类别的药物正越来越多地被用作高血压治疗的初始选择。每一类降压药物都有其优点和一些缺点；医生在选择一种药物优于另一种药物时应权衡利弊。在高血压患者的管理过程中遵循临床参数的同时，定期监测患者的生化指标以便相应地调整治疗方案也很有必要。精心选择药物治疗并密切随访，为减轻高血压患者的发病和死亡负担提供了最佳前景。本文概述了用于高血压患者管理的药物。
