Rock I, Linnett C M, Grant P, Mack A
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Cogn Psychol. 1992 Oct;24(4):502-34. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(92)90017-v.
Having found by the use of a new method for examining perception without attention that grouping and texture segregation do not seem to occur (see Mack, Tang, Tuma, Kahn, & Rock (1992) Cognitive Psychology, 24, we go on to ask what is perceived without attention using this new method. Our subjects receive only one inattention trial in a sequence of trials involving a visual distraction task. In addition to the distraction task in the inattention trial, subjects received a stimulus of which they had no prior knowledge or expectation and were questioned or tested directly afterward for their perception of that stimulus. Two subsequent trials containing test stimuli serve as within-subject controls. The results of a series of experiments indicate that the presence of one or more stimulus objects and their locations are preattentively perceived, as is their color, but shape is not. Because individual items are detected without attention, we conclude that perceptual organization is initially based on a principle in which connected regions of uniform stimulation are inferred to be discrete units (the principle of uniform connectedness). One striking, unexpected finding is that without attention many subjects have no awareness at all of the stimulus object, an effect we call inattentional blindness.
通过使用一种新的不依赖注意力来检查感知的方法，我们发现分组和纹理分离似乎并未发生（见麦克、唐、图马、卡恩和洛克（1992年）《认知心理学》，第24卷）。接着，我们使用这种新方法来探究在没有注意力参与的情况下会感知到什么。在一系列涉及视觉干扰任务的试验中，我们的受试者在每个试验序列中仅接受一次无注意力试验。在无注意力试验中的干扰任务之外，受试者会收到一个他们之前毫无了解或预期的刺激，之后会直接被询问或测试他们对该刺激的感知。随后包含测试刺激的两次试验作为受试者内部对照。一系列实验的结果表明，一个或多个刺激物体的存在及其位置在无注意力状态下能够被预感知，其颜色也是如此，但形状却不行。由于单个项目在无注意力状态下就能被检测到，我们得出结论，知觉组织最初基于这样一个原则，即均匀刺激的相连区域被推断为离散单元（均匀连通性原则）。一个惊人且出乎意料的发现是，在没有注意力的情况下，许多受试者对刺激物体完全没有意识，我们将这种效应称为无意视盲。
