Kenar L, Karayilanoglu T
Department of NBC Defence, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
Emerg Med J. 2004 Jan;21(1):84-8. doi: 10.1136/emj.2003.005488.
Chemical warfare agents are toxic weapons and emergency prehospital medical care providers should be well prepared, trained, and equipped to give response. Personnel need to be aware of the following medical issues regarding prehospital management of a chemical attack, event recognition, incident medical command and control, safety and protection, decontamination, isolation of the incident area (hot zone, warm zone, and cold zone), sampling and detection, psychological management, communication, triage, treatment, transportation, recovery activities and fatality management. During prehospital response, healthcare responders should provide self protection by wearing proper protective equipment and ensuring that the casualty is thoroughly decontaminated. Medical first responders are also responsible for performing triage in each zone of the incident area. Victims are triaged into four categories based on the need for medical care; immediate, delayed, minimal, and expectant. Finally, a medical emergency planning should be completed, and exercises conducted to test the system before an event occurs.
化学战剂是有毒武器，院前急救医疗人员应做好充分准备、接受培训并配备相应设备以做出应对。人员需要了解以下有关化学袭击院前管理的医学问题，包括事件识别、事件医疗指挥与控制、安全与防护、去污、事件区域隔离（热区、温区和冷区）、采样与检测、心理管理、通信、分诊、治疗、运输、恢复活动和死亡管理。在院前应对过程中，医护人员应通过穿戴适当的防护设备并确保伤员得到彻底去污来进行自我保护。医疗急救人员还负责在事件区域的每个区域进行分诊。根据医疗护理需求，受害者被分为四类：紧急、延迟、轻微和预期。最后，应完成医疗应急计划，并在事件发生前进行演练以测试该系统。
