Sidell F R
Chemical Casualty Care Office, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010.
Postgrad Med. 1990 Nov 15;88(7):70-6, 81-4. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1990.11716446.
Successful management of casualties in a toxic chemical attack or accident depends on planning, preparation, and training. In many communities, physicians join other emergency rescue personnel to take part in periodic exercises and drills. In case of a large-scale attack or accident, all medical care providers will be needed to care for casualties. Chemical warfare agents are generally considered to be highly toxic, exotic materials, but most are not. Nerve agents are similar to, although more potent than, commonly used insecticides; cyanide and phosgene are widely available; the incapacitating agent BZ has effects identical to those of scopolamine; and most physicians with knowledge of chemotherapy are familiar with the effects of mustard. Although a chemical attack might be perceived as an uncontrollable disaster, the guidelines for successful management are the same as for any toxic chemical accident. Medical care of casualties depends on knowledge of the agent and timely intervention, and those responsible for such care must be ready.
在有毒化学物质袭击或事故中成功管理伤员取决于规划、准备和培训。在许多社区，医生与其他应急救援人员一起参加定期演习和演练。万一发生大规模袭击或事故，所有医疗护理人员都将被需要来照顾伤员。化学战剂通常被认为是剧毒、外来物质，但大多数并非如此。神经毒剂与常用杀虫剂相似，只是效力更强；氰化物和光气广泛可得；失能剂BZ的作用与东莨菪碱相同；大多数了解化疗的医生都熟悉芥子气的作用。尽管化学袭击可能被视为一场无法控制的灾难，但成功管理的指导方针与任何有毒化学事故相同。伤员的医疗护理取决于对毒剂的了解和及时干预，负责此类护理的人员必须做好准备。
