Ivey Janet L, Smithers John, de Loë Rob C, Kreutzwiser Reid D
Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Environ Manage. 2004 Jan;33(1):36-47. doi: 10.1007/s00267-003-0014-5. Epub 2004 Jan 28.
There is growing concern for the capacity of urban and rural communities to manage current water shortages and to prepare for shortages that may accompany predicted changes in climate. In this paper, concepts relating to the notion of climate adaptation and particularly "capacity building" are used to elucidate several determinants of community-level capacity for water management. These concepts and criteria are then used to interpret empirically derived insights relating to local management of water shortages in Ontario, Canada. General determinants of water-related community capacity relate to upper tier political and institutional arrangements; the characteristics of, and relationships among, pertinent agencies, groups, or individuals involved in water management; and the adequacy of financial, human, information, and technical resources. The case analysis illustrates how general factors play out in local experience. The findings point to geographically specific factors that influence the effectiveness of management. Key factors include collaboration between water managers, clarification of agency roles and responsibilities, integration of water management and land-use planning, and recognition and participation of both urban and rural stakeholders, whose sensitivities to water shortages are spatially and temporally variable.
城市和农村社区应对当前水资源短缺以及为可能伴随预测气候变化而来的短缺做准备的能力，正日益受到关注。在本文中，与气候适应概念尤其是“能力建设”相关的理念，被用于阐明社区层面水资源管理能力的若干决定因素。然后，这些理念和标准被用于解读从加拿大安大略省当地水资源短缺管理中获得的实证见解。与水相关的社区能力的一般决定因素涉及上级政治和制度安排；参与水资源管理的相关机构、团体或个人的特征及相互关系；以及财政、人力、信息和技术资源的充足性。案例分析说明了一般因素在当地实际情况中的表现。研究结果指出了影响管理有效性的地理特定因素。关键因素包括水资源管理者之间的协作、机构角色和职责的明确、水资源管理与土地利用规划的整合，以及城市和农村利益相关者的认可与参与，他们对水资源短缺的敏感度在空间和时间上是变化的。
