de Castro John M
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
J Nutr. 2004 Feb;134(2):335-41. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.2.335.
Dietary energy density markedly influences the daily dietary intake of humans. The present study examined the relation of energy density to dietary intake and body size in 371 male and 581 female adults. The subjects were free-living and provided a detailed record of their everyday food and drink intake in 7-d food diaries. The reported diets were analyzed for the relation of energy density to body size and to per-meal, daily, and weekly dietary intake. High energy density was associated with greater (P < 0.001) total intake, especially of fat, when intake was correlated with energy density (r = 0.26, P < 0.001) and when the daily intake of individual participants was correlated with their daily dietary density (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). These results occurred regardless of sex, low reporting, or the inclusion of drinks in the energy density calculations. High energy density was also associated with a high rate of intake (r = 0.46, P < 0.001) and large meal sizes (r = 0.61, P < 0.001). However, energy density was not correlated with body size, height, weight, or body mass index. High energy density appears to be related to greater overall intake in the short-term, but there may be compensation over the long term, with no net effect on body size.
膳食能量密度对人类的每日膳食摄入量有显著影响。本研究调查了371名成年男性和581名成年女性中能量密度与膳食摄入量及体型之间的关系。研究对象为自由生活人群，他们在7天的饮食日记中详细记录了日常食物和饮料的摄入量。对所报告的饮食进行分析，以研究能量密度与体型以及每餐、每日和每周膳食摄入量之间的关系。当摄入量与能量密度相关（r = 0.26，P < 0.001）且个体参与者的每日摄入量与其每日膳食密度相关时（r = 0.66，P < 0.001），高能量密度与更高的（P < 0.001）总摄入量相关，尤其是脂肪摄入量。无论性别、低报告率或能量密度计算中是否包含饮料，这些结果都会出现。高能量密度还与高摄入率（r = 0.46，P < 0.001）和大的餐量（r = 0.61，P < 0.001）相关。然而，能量密度与体型、身高、体重或体重指数无关。高能量密度似乎在短期内与更高的总体摄入量相关，但从长期来看可能会有补偿作用，对体型没有净影响。
