Blanc Stéphane, Schoeller Dale A, Bauer Douglas, Danielson Michelle E, Tylavsky Frances, Simonsick Eleanor M, Harris Tamara B, Kritchevsky Stephen B, Everhart James E
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Feb;79(2):303-10. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.2.303.
Knowledge of energy requirements among relatively healthy elderly is limited.
The objectives of the study were to measure total energy expenditure (TEE)-derived energy requirements in a biracial population of older adults without limitations to daily life and to test these empirical measures against national and international recommendations.
TEE (measured by the doubly labeled water method), resting metabolic rate (RMR), activity-related energy expenditure (AEE), and body composition were measured in 288 persons aged 70-79 y selected from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.
TEE was lower in women (approximately 530 kcal/d; P < 0.0001) than in men because of the women's lower RMR and AEE. Fat-free mass explained the sex difference in RMR, but body weight failed to account for the women's lower AEE (approximately 1 kcal x kg(-1) x d(-1); P = 0.007). Blacks had lower TEE than did whites (approximately 100 kcal/d, P = 0.03), and that was explained by blacks' lower RMR. Physical activity level (TEE/RMR) did not differ significantly between sexes and races (1.70 +/- 0.23). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations overestimated TEE by 10 +/- 15% (P < 0.0001) in women but not in men, and the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were accurate to 0 +/- 14% (P = 0.1). Both WHO and DRI recommendations are based on an underestimated physical activity level, and WHO recommendations are based on overestimated RMR.
This study of well-functioning older adults confirms the racial difference in energy metabolism and supports the use of the 2002 DRIs. Because the DRIs and WHO recommendations underestimated PAL, new predictive equations of energy requirements are proposed.
相对健康的老年人的能量需求相关知识有限。
本研究的目的是测量无日常生活限制的双种族老年人群中基于总能量消耗（TEE）得出的能量需求，并将这些实证测量结果与国内和国际建议进行比较。
从健康、衰老和身体成分研究中选取288名70 - 79岁的人群，测量其TEE（采用双标水法测量）、静息代谢率（RMR）、活动相关能量消耗（AEE）和身体成分。
由于女性的RMR和AEE较低，女性的TEE低于男性（约530千卡/天；P < 0.0001）。去脂体重解释了RMR的性别差异，但体重未能解释女性较低的AEE（约1千卡×千克⁻¹×天⁻¹；P = 0.007）。黑人的TEE低于白人（约100千卡/天，P = 0.03），这是由黑人较低的RMR所解释的。身体活动水平（TEE/RMR）在性别和种族之间无显著差异（1.70 ± 0.23）。世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议在女性中高估了TEE 10 ± 15%（P < 0.0001），在男性中则未高估，而膳食参考摄入量（DRIs）的准确程度为0 ± 14%（P = 0.1）。WHO和DRIs的建议均基于对身体活动水平的低估，且WHO的建议基于高估的RMR。
这项对功能良好的老年人的研究证实了能量代谢的种族差异，并支持使用2002年的DRIs。由于DRIs和WHO的建议低估了身体活动水平，因此提出了新的能量需求预测方程。
