Singh Kunwar P, Mohan Dinesh, Sinha Sarita, Dalwani R
Environmental Chemistry Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
Chemosphere. 2004 Apr;55(2):227-55. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.050.
Studies were undertaken to assess the impact of wastewater/sludge disposal (metals and pesticides) from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Jajmau, Kanpur (5 MLD) and Dinapur, Varanasi (80 MLD), on health, agriculture and environmental quality in the receiving/application areas around Kanpur and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India. The raw, treated and mixed treated urban wastewater samples were collected from the inlet and outlet points of the plants during peak (morning and evening) and non-peak (noon) hours. The impact of the treated wastewater toxicants (metals and pesticides) on the environmental quality of the disposal area was assessed in terms of their levels in different media samples viz., water, soil, crops, vegetation, and food grains. The data generated show elevated levels of metals and pesticides in all the environmental media, suggesting a definite adverse impact on the environmental quality of the disposal area. The critical levels of the heavy metals in the soil for agricultural crops are found to be much higher than those observed in the study areas receiving no effluents. The sludge from the STPs has both positive and negative impacts on agriculture as it is loaded with high levels of toxic heavy metals and pesticides, but also enriched with several useful ingredients such as N, P, and K providing fertilizer values. The sludge studied had cadmium, chromium and nickel levels above tolerable levels as prescribed for agricultural and lands application. Bio-monitoring of the metals and pesticides levels in the human blood and urine of the different population groups under study areas was undertaken. All the different approaches indicated a considerable risk and impact of heavy metals and pesticides on human health in the exposed areas receiving the wastewater from the STPs.
开展了多项研究，以评估印度北方邦坎普尔和瓦拉纳西周边接收/施用地区的贾姆瑙（坎普尔，500万升/日）和迪纳布尔（瓦拉纳西，800万升/日）污水处理厂的废水/污泥处置（金属和农药）对健康、农业和环境质量的影响。在高峰时段（早上和晚上）和非高峰时段（中午），从这些工厂的进水口和出水口采集了未经处理、已处理和混合处理的城市废水样本。通过分析不同介质样本（即水、土壤、作物、植被和粮食）中处理后废水中有毒物质（金属和农药）的含量，评估其对处置区域环境质量的影响。所生成的数据表明，所有环境介质中的金属和农药含量均有所升高，这表明对处置区域的环境质量产生了明显的不利影响。研究发现，农作物土壤中重金属的临界含量远高于未接收废水的研究区域。污水处理厂的污泥对农业既有积极影响，也有消极影响，因为它含有大量有毒重金属和农药，但也富含氮、磷、钾等多种有用成分，具有肥料价值。所研究的污泥中镉、铬和镍的含量高于农业和土地施用规定的耐受水平。对研究区域内不同人群的人体血液和尿液中的金属和农药含量进行了生物监测。所有不同方法均表明，在接收污水处理厂废水的暴露区域，重金属和农药对人体健康构成了相当大的风险和影响。
