INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada.
Waste Manag. 2010 Mar;30(3):504-20. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.10.012. Epub 2009 Nov 17.
Nanotechnology has widespread application in agricultural, environmental and industrial sectors ranging from fabrication of molecular assemblies to microbial array chips. Despite the booming application of nanotechnology, there have been serious implications which are coming into light in the recent years within different environmental compartments, namely air, water and soil and its likely impact on the human health. Health and environmental effects of common metals and materials are well-known, however, when the metals and materials take the form of nanoparticles--consequential hazards based on shape and size are yet to be explored. The nanoparticles released from different nanomaterials used in our household and industrial commodities find their way through waste disposal routes into the wastewater treatment facilities and end up in wastewater sludge. Further escape of these nanoparticles into the effluent will contaminate the aquatic and soil environment. Hence, an understanding of the presence, behavior and impact of these nanoparticles in wastewater and wastewater sludge is necessary and timely. Despite the lack of sufficient literature, the present review attempts to link various compartmentalization aspects of the nanoparticles, their physical properties and toxicity in wastewater and wastewater sludge through simile drawn from other environmental streams.
纳米技术在农业、环境和工业领域有着广泛的应用，从分子组装到微生物阵列芯片的制造都有涉及。尽管纳米技术的应用蓬勃发展，但近年来在不同的环境介质（即空气、水和土壤）中已经出现了严重的影响，并且可能对人类健康产生影响。常见金属和材料的健康和环境影响是众所周知的，然而，当金属和材料以纳米颗粒的形式出现时，基于形状和尺寸的后果仍有待探索。不同纳米材料在我们的家庭和工业产品中的应用所释放的纳米颗粒通过废物处理途径进入废水处理设施，并最终进入废水污泥中。这些纳米颗粒进一步逃入污水中会污染水和土壤环境。因此，了解这些纳米颗粒在废水中的存在、行为和影响以及在废水污泥中的存在、行为和影响是必要的和及时的。尽管缺乏足够的文献，但本综述试图通过从其他环境流中汲取的类比，将纳米颗粒在废水中和废水污泥中的各种分隔方面、它们的物理性质和毒性联系起来。
