Corbel Vincent, Hougard Jean-Marc, N'Guessan Raphael, Chandre Fabrice
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Society and Health Department, 213 rue La Lafayette, F-75480 Paris 10, France.
J Med Entomol. 2003 Nov;40(6):985-8. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.985.
Pyrethroid-treated nets are an efficient tool for reducing malaria transmission and morbidity. The recent evolution of pyrethroid resistance in several Anopheles species represents a major threat for the future success of roll back malaria in Africa. The possible use of nonpyrethroid insecticides, such as carbamates, on nets is a promising alternative solution because these insecticides are effective against susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant populations of Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. Unfortunately, carbamate resistance as a result of insensitive acetylcholinesterase has recently been detected in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from Côte d'Ivoire. Using biochemical assays on surviving Anopheles mosquitoes from an experimental hut trial, we showed evidence for selection for an insensitive acetylcholinesterase mechanism by carbamate impregnated bednets. However, no such selection has been found with nets treated with pyrethroid alone or pyrethroid/carbamate "two-in-one" -treated nets. Because pyrethroid-impregnated nets were suspected to select for the Kdr mutation in An. gambiae, we propose that use of two-in-one nets could be a promising alternative strategy for the management of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.
经拟除虫菊酯处理的蚊帐是减少疟疾传播和发病的有效工具。最近几种按蚊对拟除虫菊酯产生抗性，这对非洲未来防治疟疾的成功构成重大威胁。在蚊帐上使用非拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（如氨基甲酸酯类）可能是一个有前景的替代解决方案，因为这些杀虫剂对易感和对拟除虫菊酯耐药的按蚊和库蚊种群均有效。不幸的是，最近在科特迪瓦的冈比亚按蚊种群中检测到由于乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感导致的氨基甲酸酯抗性。通过对实验小屋试验中存活的按蚊进行生化分析，我们证明了经氨基甲酸酯浸渍的蚊帐选择了不敏感的乙酰胆碱酯酶机制。然而，在仅用拟除虫菊酯处理的蚊帐或拟除虫菊酯/氨基甲酸酯“二合一”处理的蚊帐中未发现这种选择。由于怀疑经拟除虫菊酯浸渍的蚊帐会选择冈比亚按蚊中的击倒抗性（Kdr）突变，我们建议使用二合一蚊帐可能是管理疟疾媒介杀虫剂抗性的一种有前景的替代策略。
