Portnoy Jay M, Barnes Charles S, Kennedy Kevin
Section of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, The Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Feb;113(2):189-98; quiz 199. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.11.021.
A great deal of concern has arisen recently regarding the potential adverse effects of indoor fungi. Our understanding of this complex problem has been hampered by a lack of standardized protocols for performing an indoor assessment for fungi. Without such standards, it is difficult to compare results from one study with those from another or to measure the effect of indoor fungal contamination on a building and its occupants.
We reviewed the medical literature and here describe a hypothesis-driven approach to planning, sampling, and interpreting the results of indoor assessments for fungi.
Fungi cause 3 primary adverse effects: (1) they can damage a building, (2) they can render a building unpleasant to live in by looking and smelling bad, and (3) they might cause adverse health effects in sensitive individuals. Sampling methods used to test hypotheses include air sampling for spores, measurement of allergens in house dust, and determination of microbially generated volatile organic compounds, ergosterols, glucans, and mycotoxins, as well as environmental conditions that lead to fungal contamination.
Standardized approaches for performing and reporting assessments of indoor fungi are essential if our understanding of this complex field is to improve.
近期，人们对室内真菌的潜在不利影响极为关注。由于缺乏用于进行室内真菌评估的标准化方案，我们对这个复杂问题的理解受到了阻碍。没有这样的标准，就难以将一项研究的结果与另一项研究的结果进行比较，也难以衡量室内真菌污染对建筑物及其居住者的影响。
我们查阅了医学文献，并在此描述一种基于假设驱动的方法，用于规划、采样以及解读室内真菌评估的结果。
真菌会造成3种主要的不利影响：（1）它们会损坏建筑物；（2）它们会因外观和气味不佳而使建筑物不适于居住；（3）它们可能会对敏感个体造成健康方面的不利影响。用于检验假设的采样方法包括对孢子进行空气采样、测量室内灰尘中的过敏原，以及测定微生物产生的挥发性有机化合物、麦角固醇、葡聚糖和霉菌毒素，还有导致真菌污染的环境条件。
如果我们想要增进对这个复杂领域的理解，那么用于进行和报告室内真菌评估的标准化方法至关重要。
