Peternel Renata, Srnec Lidija, Culig Josip, Zaninović Ksenija, Mitić Bozena, Vukusić Ivan
Research Department, Zagreb Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Int J Biometeorol. 2004 May;48(4):186-91. doi: 10.1007/s00484-004-0202-x. Epub 2004 Feb 10.
The number of individuals allergic to plant pollen has recently been on a constant increase, especially in large cities and industrial areas. Therefore, monitoring of airborne pollen types and concentrations during the pollen season is of the utmost medical importance. The research reported in this paper aims to determine the beginning, course and end of the pollen season for the plants in the City of Zagreb, to identify allergenic plants, and to assess the variation in airborne pollen concentration as a function of temperature and precipitation changes for the year 2002. A volumetric Hirst sampler was used for airborne pollen sampling. Qualitative and quantitative pollen analysis was performed under a light microscope (magnification x400). In the Zagreb area, 12 groups of highly allergenic plants (alder, hazel, cypress, birch, ash, hornbeam, grasses, elder, nettles, sweet chestnut, artemisia and ambrosia) were identified. Birch pollen predominated in spring, the highest concentrations being recorded in February and March. Grass pollen prevailed in May and June, and pollen of herbaceous plants of the genus Urtica (nettle) and of ambrosia in July, August and September. Air temperature was mostly higher or considerably higher than the annual average in those months, which resulted in a many days with high and very high airborne pollen concentrations. The exception was April, when these concentrations were lower because of high levels of precipitation. This also held for the first half of August and the second half of September. Pollen-sensitive individuals were at high risk from February till October because of the high airborne pollen concentrations, which only showed a transient decrease when the temperature fell or there was precipitation.
对植物花粉过敏的人数最近一直在持续增加，尤其是在大城市和工业区。因此，在花粉季节监测空气中花粉的类型和浓度具有极其重要的医学意义。本文报道的研究旨在确定萨格勒布市植物花粉季节的开始、进程和结束时间，识别致敏植物，并评估2002年空气中花粉浓度随温度和降水变化的情况。使用容积式赫斯特采样器对空气中的花粉进行采样。在光学显微镜（放大倍数为400倍）下进行定性和定量花粉分析。在萨格勒布地区，识别出了12组高致敏植物（桤木、榛子、柏树、桦树、白蜡树、鹅耳枥、禾本科植物、接骨木、荨麻、甜栗、蒿属植物和豚草属植物）。春季以桦树花粉为主，2月和3月记录到最高浓度。禾本科花粉在5月和6月占主导，荨麻属（荨麻）草本植物花粉以及豚草属花粉在7月、8月和9月占主导。在这些月份，气温大多高于或显著高于年平均气温，导致许多天空气中花粉浓度很高或非常高。4月是个例外，由于降水量大，这些浓度较低。8月上半月和9月下半月也是如此。由于空气中花粉浓度很高，花粉敏感个体在2月至10月面临高风险，只有在气温下降或有降水时，花粉浓度才会短暂下降。
