Inoue Y, Nakao M, Araki T, Ueda H
Department of Hygiene, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1992;65(6):492-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00602354.
Nine young (20-25 years) and ten older (60-71 years) men, matched for body fatness and surface area:mass ratio, underwent cold tests in summer and winter. The cold tests consisted of a 60-min exposure, wearing only swimming trunks, to an air temperature of 17 degrees C (both seasons) and 12 degrees C (winter only). Rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures, metabolic heat production (M), systolic (BPs) and diastolic (BPd) blood pressures and heart rate (fc) were measured. During the equilibrium period (28 degrees C air temperature) there were no age-related differences in Tre, Tsk, BPs, BPd, or fc regardless of season, although M of the older men was significantly lower (P < 0.003). The decrease in Tre and Tsk (due to the marked decrease in six of the older men) and the increase in BPs and BPd were significantly greater (P < 0.004) for the older men during all the cold exposures. The rate of increase in M was significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the older group when exposed to 12 degrees C in winter and 17 degrees C in summer (due to the marked increase in four of the older men). This trend was not apparent during the 17 degrees C exposure in winter. There was no age-related difference in fc during the exposures. Significant decreases in Tre and Tsk and increases in M, BPs and BPd during the 12 degrees C exposure were observed for the older group (P < 0.003) compared to their responses during the 17 degrees C exposure in winter. In contrast, Tre, M, BPs in the young group were not affected as much by the colder environment. It was concluded that older men have more variable responses and some appear more or less responsive to mild and moderate cold air than young men.
九名年轻男性（20 - 25岁）和十名年长男性（60 - 71岁），他们的体脂率和体表面积与体重之比相匹配，在夏季和冬季接受了寒冷测试。寒冷测试包括仅穿着泳裤在17摄氏度（两个季节）和12摄氏度（仅冬季）的气温下暴露60分钟。测量了直肠温度（Tre）、平均皮肤温度（Tsk）、代谢产热（M）、收缩压（BPs）、舒张压（BPd）和心率（fc）。在平衡期（气温28摄氏度），无论季节如何，Tre、Tsk、BPs、BPd或fc均无年龄相关差异，尽管年长男性的M显著较低（P < 0.003）。在所有寒冷暴露期间，年长男性的Tre和Tsk下降（由于六名年长男性显著下降）以及BPs和BPd升高均显著更大（P < 0.004）。当在冬季暴露于12摄氏度和夏季暴露于17摄氏度时，年长组的M增加速率显著更大（P < 0.01）（由于四名年长男性显著增加）。在冬季17摄氏度暴露期间，这种趋势不明显。暴露期间fc无年龄相关差异。与冬季17摄氏度暴露时相比，年长组在12摄氏度暴露时观察到Tre和Tsk显著下降以及M、BPs和BPd升高（P < 0.003）。相比之下，年轻组的Tre、M、BPs受较冷环境的影响较小。得出的结论是，年长男性的反应更具变异性，并且一些人对轻度和中度冷空气的反应似乎比年轻男性或多或少更敏感。
