Houmard J A, Hortobágyi T, Johns R A, Bruno N J, Nute C C, Shinebarger M H, Welborn J W
Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858.
Int J Sports Med. 1992 Nov;13(8):572-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024567.
This study examined if measures associated with distance running performance were affected by short-term (14 d) training cessation in 12 distance runners. VO2max decreased by approximately 3 ml.kg-1.min-1 (mean +/- SE, 61.6 +/- 2.0 vs 58.7 +/- 1.8 ml.kg-1.min-1, p < 0.05) with training cessation. Time to exhaustion (TTE) during the incremental VO2max test decreased by 1.2 min (13.0 +/- 0.5 vs 11.8 +/- 0.5 min, p < 0.001) and maximal heart rate increased (p < 0.001) by 9 beats per minute (BPM). No changes in running economy (75 and 90% VO2max) were evident, although submaximal heart rate increased by 11 BPM (p < 0.001) at both running speeds. Other evidence for detraining were decreases in estimated resting plasma volume (-5.1 +/- 1.9%) and muscle citrate synthase activity (-25.3 +/- 2.6%, p < 0.05). Muscular atrophy (muscle fiber cross-sectional area) was not evident. TTE and submaximal heart rate exhibited relatively large percent changes (-9 and +6%, respectively) compared to VO2max (-4%). These findings indicate that the reduction in VO2max with short-term training cessation is relatively small. TTE and submaximal heart rate may be easily measured, yet more sensitive indicators of decrements in distance running performance.
本研究调查了12名长跑运动员短期（14天）停止训练是否会影响与长跑成绩相关的指标。停止训练后，最大摄氧量（VO2max）下降了约3 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹（平均值±标准误，61.6±2.0 vs 58.7±1.8 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹，p<0.05）。递增式VO2max测试中的力竭时间（TTE）减少了1.2分钟（13.0±0.5 vs 11.8±0.5分钟，p<0.001），最大心率增加（p<0.001）了9次/分钟（BPM）。尽管在两种跑步速度下，次最大心率均增加了11 BPM（p<0.001），但跑步经济性（75%和90%VO2max）没有明显变化。其他失训练的证据包括估计的静息血浆量减少（-5.1±1.9%）和肌肉柠檬酸合酶活性降低（-25.3±2.6%，p<0.05）。肌肉萎缩（肌纤维横截面积）不明显。与VO2max（-4%）相比，TTE和次最大心率表现出相对较大的百分比变化（分别为-9%和+6%）。这些发现表明，短期停止训练导致的VO2max下降相对较小。TTE和次最大心率可能易于测量，但却是长跑成绩下降更敏感的指标。
