Cullinane E M, Sady S P, Vadeboncoeur L, Burke M, Thompson P D
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986 Aug;18(4):420-4.
We measured maximum oxygen uptake, estimated changes in plasma volume, and the cardiac dimensions of 15 male competitive distance runners (28.2 +/- 5.6 yr of age, mean +/- SD) before and after 10 days of exercise cessation. Subjects were habitually active but adjusted their training to run 16 km daily for 2 wk before the study. Subjects were maintained on defined diets for the week before and during the detraining period. Average body weight decreased 1.0 +/- 0.5 kg (P less than 0.001) within 2 days of exercise cessation and was accompanied by a 5.0 +/- 5.9% (P less than 0.01) decrease in estimated plasma volume. No additional changes in body weight and plasma volume occurred during the study, and estimated percent body fat did not change. Resting heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac dimensions were also unchanged with physical inactivity. In addition, maximum oxygen uptake was not altered although peak exercise heart rate was an average of 9 +/- 5 beats X min-1 (P less than 0.01) or 5% higher after detraining. We conclude that short periods of exercise cessation decrease estimated plasma volume and increase the maximum exercise heart rate of endurance athletes but do not alter their cardiac dimensions or maximum oxygen uptake.
我们测量了15名男性竞技长跑运动员（年龄28.2±5.6岁，均值±标准差）在停止运动10天前后的最大摄氧量、血浆容量估计变化以及心脏尺寸。受试者平时积极运动，但在研究前两周将训练调整为每天跑16公里。在停训期之前及期间，受试者维持特定饮食。停止运动后2天内，平均体重下降了1.0±0.5千克（P<0.001），同时估计血浆容量下降了5.0±5.9%（P<0.01）。在研究期间，体重和血浆容量没有进一步变化，估计体脂百分比也没有改变。静息心率、血压和心脏尺寸在身体不活动时也没有变化。此外，尽管停训后运动高峰心率平均增加了9±5次/分钟（P<0.01），即高出5%，但最大摄氧量没有改变。我们得出结论，短期停止运动可降低耐力运动员的估计血浆容量并提高其最大运动心率，但不会改变他们的心脏尺寸或最大摄氧量。
