Greger J L
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Ciba Found Symp. 1992;169:26-35; discussion 35-49. doi: 10.1002/9780470514306.ch3.
Aluminium in the food supply comes from natural sources including water, food additives, and contamination by aluminium utensils and containers. Most unprocessed foods, except for certain herbs and tea leaves, contain low (< 5 micrograms Al/g) levels of aluminium. Thus most adults consume 1-10 mg aluminium daily from natural sources. Cooking in aluminium containers often results in statistically significant, but not practically important, increases in the aluminium content of foods. Intake of aluminium from food additives varies greatly (0 to 95 mg Al daily) among residents in North America, with the median intake for adults being about 24 mg daily. Generally, the intake of aluminium from foods is less than 1% of that consumed by individuals using aluminium-containing pharmaceuticals. Currently the real scientific question is not the amount of aluminium in foods but the availability of the aluminium in foods and the sensitivity of some population groups to aluminium. Several dietary factors, including citrate, may affect the absorption of aluminium. Aluminium contamination of soy-based formulae when fed to premature infants with impaired kidney function and aluminium contamination of components of parenteral solutions (i.e. albumin, calcium and phosphorus salts) are of concern.
食物供应中的铝来自天然来源，包括水、食品添加剂以及铝制器具和容器的污染。除了某些草药和茶叶外，大多数未加工食品中的铝含量较低（<5微克铝/克）。因此，大多数成年人每天从天然来源摄入1 - 10毫克铝。用铝制容器烹饪通常会使食物中的铝含量在统计学上显著增加，但实际上并不重要。北美居民从食品添加剂中摄入的铝量差异很大（每天0至95毫克铝），成年人的中位数摄入量约为每天24毫克。一般来说，从食物中摄入的铝量不到使用含铝药物的个体摄入量的1%。目前真正的科学问题不是食物中的铝含量，而是食物中铝的可利用性以及某些人群对铝的敏感性。包括柠檬酸盐在内的几种饮食因素可能会影响铝的吸收。给肾功能受损的早产儿喂食的大豆配方奶粉中的铝污染以及肠外营养液成分（即白蛋白、钙和磷盐）中的铝污染令人担忧。
