Louekari K, Mroueh U-M, Maidell-Münster L, Valkonen S, Tuomi T, Savolainen K
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 B, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2004 Feb 5;319(1-3):65-75. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00440-6.
The sources of lead exposure, soil, household dust, diet and ambient air near a former lead smeltery were studied. The blood lead level of small children was also determined. The aim of the study was to define, based primarily on blood lead measurements, whether children living in the contaminated area may be at risk. Within 500 m from the site of the smeltery, there were several areas where the Finnish limit value for soil Pb, i.e. 300 mg/kg, was exceeded. In the recently built areas, the surface soil has been replaced and soil remediation has taken place in schoolyards and the playgrounds of children's day-care centres. Lead content in household dust was clearly elevated in the contaminated areas. In approximately 20 years, after the smeltery was closed in 1984, the lead concentrations of the fruits and berries in local gardens have decreased to one-tenth. In some samples, the limit values are still exceeded. The lead concentration in ambient air is now 50 times lower than in the 1970s. The blood lead level of the children living in the area is slightly but statistically significantly higher than that of the children in the control areas. The critical blood lead level, i.e. 10 microg/100 ml, was not exceeded in any of the children examined. The average and maximum lead concentrations of 63 analysed blood samples were 2.2 and 5 microg/100 ml, respectively. In contrast, the average and maximum blood lead levels of school children in 1981 were 6.7 and 13.0 microg/100 ml, respectively. The risk reduction measures undertaken during the past 20 years are described.
对一个 former lead smeltery 附近的铅暴露源，包括土壤、室内灰尘、饮食和环境空气进行了研究。还测定了幼儿的血铅水平。该研究的目的主要是根据血铅测量结果，确定生活在污染区域的儿童是否可能面临风险。在距冶炼厂厂址 500 米范围内，有几个区域的土壤铅含量超过了芬兰的限值，即 300 毫克/千克。在新建区域，表层土壤已被更换，校园和日托中心操场也进行了土壤修复。污染区域室内灰尘中的铅含量明显升高。1984 年冶炼厂关闭后的大约 20 年里，当地花园里水果和浆果的铅浓度已降至十分之一。在一些样本中，仍超过限值。现在环境空气中的铅浓度比 20 世纪 70 年代低 50 倍。生活在该区域的儿童血铅水平略高于对照区域儿童，但具有统计学显著性差异。在接受检查的儿童中，均未超过临界血铅水平，即 10 微克/100 毫升。63 份分析血样的铅平均浓度和最大浓度分别为 2.2 和 5 微克/100 毫升。相比之下，1981 年学童的血铅平均水平和最高水平分别为 6.7 和 13.0 微克/100 毫升。描述了过去 20 年采取的风险降低措施。
