Centre for Sustainable Planning and Environments & WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Urban Environments, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing & WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Urban Environments, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 26;19(9):5278. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095278.
(1) Background: Globally there is a vast legacy of contaminated sites from past industrial, commercial and military activity, waste disposal, and mineral extraction. This review examined the extent to which the remediation of contaminated sites reduces health risks to new and existing populations. (2) Methods: Standard academic databases were searched for papers that reported on health-related outcomes in humans following remediation and redevelopment of contaminated sites. Title/abstract screening, followed by full-text screening identified sixteen papers that met the eligibility criteria. (3) Results: Most studies were set in the United States of America and reported changes in blood lead concentrations in children, following soil remediation and, in some cases, public health campaigns to reduce exposure. Two further studies examined the impacts of remediation on soil contaminated with chromium and sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). (4) Conclusions: Overall, the evidence suggests that remediation via removal, capping, and replacing soil, and planting vegetation is effective at reducing concentrations of lead and chromium in blood and urine in children. There is also evidence that sediment dredging can reduce PCB concentrations in umbilical cords in infants. Study designs are relatively weak and some recommendations are provided for those wishing to examine the health impacts of remediation.
(1) 背景：全球范围内存在大量源自过去工业、商业和军事活动、废物处理和矿产开采的污染场地。本综述考察了污染场地的修复在多大程度上降低了新的和现有人口的健康风险。
(2) 方法：标准学术数据库中搜索了报告污染场地修复和再开发后人类健康相关结果的论文。通过标题/摘要筛选，然后进行全文筛选，确定了符合入选标准的 16 篇论文。
(3) 结果：大多数研究都在美国进行，报告了土壤修复后儿童血液中铅浓度的变化情况，在某些情况下，还开展了公共卫生运动以减少接触。另外两项研究考察了修复受铬污染的土壤和受多氯联苯（PCBs）污染的沉积物的影响。
(4) 结论：总体而言，证据表明，通过清除、覆盖和更换土壤以及种植植被进行修复可以有效降低儿童血液和尿液中的铅和铬浓度。还有证据表明，底泥疏浚可以降低婴儿脐带中的多氯联苯浓度。研究设计相对较弱，为那些希望检查修复对健康影响的人提供了一些建议。
