Niezborala M, Marquie J-C, Baracat B, Esquirol Y, Soulat J-M
Association de Médecine et Santé au Travail, 9 rue du Dr-Delherm, 31300 Toulouse, France.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2003 Dec;51(6):607-16.
The goal of this study was to examine a large, varied occupational French cohort for possible relationships between various dimensions of occupational stress, on the one hand, and the occupational status and socio-demographic characteristics of workers on the other.
Data was taken from the first, cross-sectional phase of the VISAT study (aging, health, and work), which took place in 1996. Participants were randomly drawn from the patient lists of about one hundred occupational physicians in three regions of southern France. The current study concerned 2,768 wage earners born in 1944, 1954, or 1964. The material consisted of 59 questions aimed at assessing a broad set of working conditions, some of which were proxy measures of the dimensions described in the Karasek and Siegrist models.
From a principal component analysis, three main factors were extracted that accounted for 40% of the total variance. The first factor (a=0.79) included items that referred to the decision latitude in the Karasek model and items that referred to the reward dimension in the Siegrist model. The second factor (a=0.77) was made up of items tapping physical stressors, while the third factor (a=0.71) pooled items that corresponded fairly well to psychological demands in the Karasek model. Highly significant relationships (p<10(-4)) were found between the mean factor scores and both occupational status and educational level, with a lower occupational status and educational level being associated with greater lack of job control and rewards, higher physical stress, but lower psychological demands. Less job control and fewer rewards were also found to be greater in older workers (p<10(-3)) and females (p<10(-4)).
Our results thus confirm the existence of a strong association, in a French cohort, between occupational status and dimensions of job stress known to be associated with adverse health outcomes.
本研究的目的是在一个规模庞大、职业类型多样的法国队列中，考察职业压力的各个维度与工人职业地位及社会人口学特征之间可能存在的关系。
数据取自1996年进行的VISAT研究（衰老、健康与工作）的首个横断面阶段。参与者是从法国南部三个地区约100名职业医生的患者名单中随机抽取的。本研究涉及2768名出生于1944年、1954年或1964年的受薪工人。材料包括59个旨在评估一系列广泛工作条件的问题，其中一些是Karasek模型和Siegrist模型中所描述维度的替代指标。
通过主成分分析，提取出三个主要因素，它们占总方差的40%。第一个因素（α=0.79）包括Karasek模型中涉及决策自由度的项目以及Siegrist模型中涉及奖励维度的项目。第二个因素（α=0.77）由反映身体应激源的项目组成，而第三个因素（α=0.71）汇总了与Karasek模型中的心理需求相当吻合的项目。在平均因素得分与职业地位和教育水平之间发现了高度显著的关系（p<10⁻⁴），职业地位和教育水平较低与工作控制和奖励的缺乏程度更高、身体应激更大但心理需求更低相关。在年长工人（p<10⁻³）和女性（p<10⁻⁴）中也发现工作控制更少和奖励更少的情况更为明显。
因此，我们的结果证实了在一个法国队列中，职业地位与已知与不良健康结果相关的工作压力维度之间存在强烈关联。
