Jason J, Colclough G, Gentry E M
National AIDS Information and Education Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
Am J Dis Child. 1992 Jul;146(7):869-75. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160190101030.
We explored whether communication from pediatrician to parent to child might assist in education about and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by comparing parents of children aged 10 through 17 years who did discuss acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with their children with parents of children aged 10 through 17 years who did not discuss AIDS with their children.
Secondary analyses of the National Health Interview Survey, a general population survey with items on AIDS. We compared the relative importance of various characteristics in distinguishing parents who did discuss AIDS from those who did not. Variables included whether the parents had received an informational brochure about AIDS from a health care provider.
Twenty percent of respondents had at least one child between ages 10 and 17 years; 62% of these parents had discussed AIDS with their children. This percentage was greater for parents living in metropolitan statistical areas with fewer than 100,000 persons compared with parents living in larger cities (73.6% vs 62.7%). Seventy-four percent of women (n = 4745) had spoken to their children about AIDS; only 49% of men (n = 3271) had done so. This gender difference was present in both one- and two-parent households. Hispanics were significantly less likely than non-Hispanics to have discussed AIDS with their children (men, 38.9% vs 49.9%; women, 62.6% vs 74.2%). Gender by far was most strongly associated with talking to children about AIDS, followed by self-assessed knowledge, knowing someone infected with the HIV, and actual knowledge about HIV and AIDS. Parents who reported reading an AIDS-related brochure were significantly more likely to have spoken with their children than were parents who had not read such a brochure (76.2% vs 57.4%). Thirty-seven percent of parents receiving a brochure received one from a health care provider.
Pediatricians can assist in efforts to prevent HIV infection and AIDS by educating parents, especially mothers, about AIDS; by providing them with well-designed brochures about AIDS; and by encouraging them to discuss HIV with their children in a developmentally appropriate manner.
通过比较10至17岁孩子的家长中与孩子讨论过获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）的家长和未与孩子讨论过艾滋病的家长，探讨从儿科医生到家长再到孩子的沟通是否有助于艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染的教育和预防。
对全国健康访谈调查进行二次分析，该调查是一项包含艾滋病相关问题的普通人群调查。我们比较了各种特征在区分讨论过艾滋病的家长和未讨论过艾滋病的家长方面的相对重要性。变量包括家长是否从医疗保健提供者那里收到过关于艾滋病的信息手册。
20%的受访者至少有一个年龄在10至17岁之间的孩子；其中62%的家长与孩子讨论过艾滋病。与居住在大城市的家长相比，居住在人口少于10万的大都市统计区的家长这一比例更高（73.6%对62.7%）。74%的女性（n = 4745）与孩子谈论过艾滋病；只有49%的男性（n = 3271）这样做过。这种性别差异在单亲家庭和双亲家庭中都存在。西班牙裔与非西班牙裔相比，与孩子讨论艾滋病的可能性显著更低（男性，38.9%对49.9%；女性，62.6%对74.2%）。性别是与和孩子谈论艾滋病关联最强的因素，其次是自我评估的知识、认识感染HIV的人以及对HIV和艾滋病的实际知识。报告读过艾滋病相关手册的家长与孩子交谈的可能性显著高于未读过此类手册的家长（76.2%对57.4%）。收到手册的家长中，37%是从医疗保健提供者那里收到的。
儿科医生可以通过教育家长，尤其是母亲，了解艾滋病；为他们提供精心设计的关于艾滋病的手册；并鼓励他们以适合孩子发育阶段的方式与孩子讨论HIV，来协助预防HIV感染和艾滋病的工作。
