Wenzel Amy, Pinna Keri, Rubin David C
Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 2004 Mar;42(3):329-41. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00142-6.
Ninety-nine undergraduate students retrieved three memories associated with each of the five emotional experiences: panic, trauma, worry, social anxiety, and feeling content. Subsequently, they answered 24 questions assessing properties of each memory, including the vividness and perceived accuracy of the memories and sensory, emotional, and anxiety-related experiences during retrieval. Memories were coded for affective tone and specificity. Results indicated that panic-related and trauma-related memories were rated similarly as content memories, but that they generally were associated with more imagery and emotional experiencing than worry-related or social anxiety-related memories. Participants experienced panic and worry symptoms to the greatest degree when they retrieved panic-related and trauma-related memories. All anxiety-related memories were characterized by more negative tone than content memories. Panic-related and trauma-related memories were more specific than worry-related, social anxiety-related, and content memories. These findings can explain partially why individuals with some, but not all, anxiety disorders experience enhanced memory for threatening material.
99名本科生回忆了与五种情绪体验（恐慌、创伤、担忧、社交焦虑和满足感）中的每一种相关的三段记忆。随后，他们回答了24个问题，这些问题评估了每段记忆的属性，包括记忆的生动程度、感知准确性以及回忆过程中的感官、情绪和与焦虑相关的体验。对记忆进行情感基调及具体程度编码。结果表明，与恐慌相关和与创伤相关的记忆在评分上与满足感记忆相似，但与担忧相关或社交焦虑相关的记忆相比，它们通常与更多的意象和情绪体验相关。当参与者回忆与恐慌相关和与创伤相关的记忆时，他们体验到的恐慌和担忧症状最为强烈。所有与焦虑相关的记忆都比满足感记忆具有更消极的基调。与恐慌相关和与创伤相关的记忆比与担忧相关、社交焦虑相关和满足感记忆更具体。这些发现可以部分解释为什么患有某些（但不是所有）焦虑症的个体对威胁性材料的记忆会增强。
