Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Behav Res Ther. 2011 Aug;49(8):505-17. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 May 26.
High (n=41) and low (n=39) socially anxious (SA) participants completed the Waterloo Images and Memories Interview (WIMI), a new assessment tool that measures the accessibility and properties of mental images and associated autobiographical memories that individuals may experience across both anxiety-provoking (negative) and non-anxiety-provoking (positive) social situations. Results indicated that both high and low SA individuals experience negative images and associated autobiographical memories in anxiety-provoking social situations, but the rates of endorsement of such images and memories among high SA participants were substantially lower than those reported in recent studies. Moreover, whereas low SA individuals were capable of accessing a relatively balanced array of both negative and positive self-representations that were rich in episodic detail, high SA individuals retrieved a higher, more unbalanced ratio of negative-to-positive images and memories, as well as impoverished positive images that were significantly degraded in episodic detail. Finally, negative images influenced the two groups differently, with high SA individuals experiencing more negative emotional and cognitive consequences associated with bringing such images to mind. These results are discussed in relation to theoretical models of learning and memory within the context of contemporary cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety.
高（n=41）和低（n=39）社交焦虑（SA）参与者完成了滑铁卢图像和记忆访谈（WIMI），这是一种新的评估工具，用于测量个体在引发焦虑（负面）和非引发焦虑（正面）社会情境下可能经历的心理图像和相关自传记忆的可及性和特性。结果表明，高和低 SA 个体在引发焦虑的社会情境中都会体验到负面图像和相关的自传记忆，但高 SA 参与者对这些图像和记忆的认可率远低于最近的研究报告。此外，低 SA 个体能够访问相对平衡的、既有负面又有正面的自我表现，这些表现具有丰富的情节细节，而高 SA 个体则检索到更高、更不平衡的负面与正面图像和记忆的比例，以及情节细节明显退化的贫瘠的正面图像。最后，负面图像对两个群体的影响不同，高 SA 个体在将这些图像带入脑海时，会经历更多与负面情绪和认知后果相关的体验。这些结果在当代认知行为社交焦虑模型的背景下，结合学习和记忆的理论模型进行了讨论。
