Magee B Dale, Hattis Dale, Kivel Nancy M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Center for Technology, Environment and Development, George Perkins Marsh Institute, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
J Reprod Med. 2004 Jan;49(1):23-7.
To assess the role of smoking on low birth weight (LBW).
From Massachusetts for 1998, 79,904 birth certificates were reviewed. Birth weight, gestational age, plurality and maternal race were analyzed in relation to the mother's smoking status during the pregnancy. The etiologic fraction (EF) was calculated for smoking and LBW for the group as a whole as well as for various subgroups.
A total of 11.7% of women acknowledged smoking during pregnancy. The overall LBW rate was 6.83%. The relative risk (RR) of LBW among smokers was 1.58. For all births the EF for smoking was 6.4% (95% CI: 5.4-7.3). For singleton pregnancies it was 10.9% (95% CI: 9.6-12.1) (14% for singleton whites and 7.2 for singleton blacks). At term, the EF of smoking on LBW was 13.4% (95% CI: 11.5-15.3), with an EF of 16.7% (95% CI: 14.5-18.7) for term singletons (21.4% among whites and 14.6% among blacks). Among very LBW infants, smoking accounted for 1.7% (95% CI:--0.5-3.8) of the outcome (5.8% among singletons). When stratifying for the effect of smoking, the rate of LBW was 6.38% among nonsmokers, 9.5% (RR 1.48, 1.38-1.61) among light smokers, 11.67% (RR 1.82, 1.63-2.05) among moderate smokers and 11.72% (RR 1.84, 1.33-2.54) among heavy smokers. Sixty percent of the overall population effect of smoking on LBW was in the category of light smokers.
The amount of LBW attributable to smoking was 6.4% in this sample. Among those who smoked, LBW was 58% more likely than among nonsmokers, and 60% of the overall population effect of smoking on LBW was noted among light smokers.
评估吸烟对低出生体重（LBW）的影响。
回顾了1998年马萨诸塞州的79904份出生证明。分析了出生体重、孕周、产次和母亲种族与母亲孕期吸烟状况的关系。计算了整个群体以及各个亚组中吸烟与低出生体重的病因分数（EF）。
共有11.7%的女性承认孕期吸烟。总体低出生体重率为6.83%。吸烟者中低出生体重的相对风险（RR）为1.58。所有分娩中吸烟的病因分数为6.4%（95%可信区间：5.4 - 7.3）。单胎妊娠中为10.9%（95%可信区间：9.6 - 12.1）（单胎白人中为14%，单胎黑人中为7.2%）。足月时，吸烟对低出生体重的病因分数为13.4%（95%可信区间：11.5 - 15.3），足月单胎的病因分数为16.7%（95%可信区间：14.5 - 18.7）（白人中为21.4%，黑人中为14.6%）。在极低出生体重婴儿中，吸烟占该结局的1.7%（95%可信区间： - 0.5 - 3.8）（单胎中为5.8%）。按吸烟影响分层时，非吸烟者中低出生体重率为6.38%，轻度吸烟者中为9.5%（RR 1.48，1.38 - 1.61），中度吸烟者中为11.67%（RR 1.82，1.63 -
