Hamburger M, Baumann D, Adler S
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Semmelweisstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
Phytochem Anal. 2004 Jan-Feb;15(1):46-54. doi: 10.1002/pca.743.
The possibilities and limitations of supercritical fluid extraction of natural products of low, medium and high polarity under very high pressure and with polar modifiers has been investigated. The medicinal herbs marigold (Calendula officinalis), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita) were used as models in this study. Extraction profiles and the spectra of extractable metabolites were recorded following extraction with mixtures of carbon dioxide:ethanol of varying proportions (0-20% ethanol) and at various pressures in the range 300-689 bar. Components were identified by HPLC-PAD-MS or GC-MS and quantified by HPLC or GC as appropriate. Extraction yields under the varying conditions depended to a large extent on the profiles of secondary metabolites present in the three drugs. Whereas the extractability of lipophilic compounds increased substantially at pressures above 300 bar, the yields of polyphenolic and glycosidic compounds remained low even at 689 bar and with 20% modifier in the extraction fluid.
研究了在极高压力下并使用极性改性剂对低、中、高极性天然产物进行超临界流体萃取的可能性和局限性。本研究以药草金盏花（金盏菊）、山楂（山楂属）和洋甘菊（母菊）为模型。在用不同比例（0 - 20%乙醇）的二氧化碳 - 乙醇混合物在300 - 689巴范围内的不同压力下萃取后，记录萃取曲线和可萃取代谢物的光谱。通过HPLC - PAD - MS或GC - MS鉴定成分，并根据情况通过HPLC或GC进行定量。在不同条件下的萃取产率在很大程度上取决于这三种药物中次生代谢物的分布情况。虽然亲脂性化合物在300巴以上的压力下萃取率大幅增加，但即使在689巴且萃取液中有20%改性剂的情况下，多酚和糖苷类化合物的产率仍然很低。
