Zou Guangyong, Donner Allan
Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8.
Control Clin Trials. 2004 Feb;25(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2003.08.010.
The difference between two proportions is often the focus of interest in prospective comparative studies such as randomized controlled trials that have a binary outcome. Consequently, interval estimation for this parameter has received considerable attention in the literature. A hybrid procedure resulting from combining two sets of confidence limits for a single proportion as proposed by Newcombe has been previously recommended for this purpose because of its superior properties and relative simplicity. In this paper, we propose a simple alternative approach based on Fisher's z transformation. The results of an exact evaluation study show that this new procedure performs as well as Newcombe's procedure in terms of percent coverage and expected confidence interval width. Several examples are presented.
在诸如具有二元结局的随机对照试验等前瞻性比较研究中，两个比例之间的差异常常是关注的焦点。因此，该参数的区间估计在文献中受到了相当多的关注。此前曾推荐采用一种混合方法，该方法是将纽科姆提出的针对单个比例的两组置信限相结合而得到的，因其具有优越的特性和相对简单性而适用于此目的。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于费希尔z变换的简单替代方法。一项精确评估研究的结果表明，就覆盖百分比和预期置信区间宽度而言，这一新方法与纽科姆的方法表现相当。文中给出了几个示例。
