Mattheeuws Nele, Dermaut Luc, Martens Guy
Department of Orthodontics, University of Ghent, Belgium.
Eur J Orthod. 2004 Feb;26(1):99-103. doi: 10.1093/ejo/26.1.99.
It has been claimed that agenesis of permanent teeth has increased over the years. The present study tested this hypothesis in Caucasians. Published data on the prevalence of children with one or more congenitally missing permanent teeth were selected on the basis of strictly imposed criteria. Using a meta-analysis, the data were evaluated and presented chronologically. Furthermore, the selected publications were checked for differences in the prevalence of agenesis between the male and female populations. Finally, information on the occurrence of upper and lower premolars as well as upper incisor agenesis was collected and calculated as a percentage of the total number of congenitally missing teeth. From 42 studies on this subject, 19 were selected based upon six stringently applied criteria. Chronological classification of the percentage of children with congenital absence of one or more permanent teeth revealed relatively higher percentages since 1957. Fourteen out of the selected studies presented data on sex distribution. In all but one publication girls tended to have a slightly higher occurrence of missing teeth compared with boys of the same age. The second lower premolars were most often agenetic, whereas missing upper laterals occurred almost equally as agenesis of the upper second premolars. The considered period of time is too short and the available data too limited to describe a possible trend in the human dentition. However, this meta-analysis seems to confirm that hypodontia has been diagnosed more often in recent studies.
有人声称多年来恒牙先天性缺失的情况有所增加。本研究在白种人中对这一假设进行了验证。根据严格设定的标准，选取了已发表的关于有一颗或多颗先天性缺失恒牙儿童患病率的数据。采用荟萃分析方法，对数据进行评估并按时间顺序呈现。此外，检查所选出版物中男性和女性人群先天性缺失患病率的差异。最后，收集并计算上下前磨牙以及上颌切牙先天性缺失的发生率，以先天性缺失牙齿总数的百分比表示。在42项关于该主题的研究中，根据六项严格应用的标准选取了19项。对先天性缺失一颗或多颗恒牙儿童百分比的时间分类显示，自1957年以来百分比相对较高。所选研究中有14项提供了性别分布数据。除一份出版物外，在所有其他出版物中，与同年龄男孩相比，女孩牙齿缺失的发生率往往略高。下颌第二前磨牙最常出现先天性缺失，而上颌侧切牙缺失的发生率与上颌第二前磨牙先天性缺失的发生率几乎相同。所考虑的时间段太短且现有数据有限，无法描述人类牙列中可能的趋势。然而，这项荟萃分析似乎证实，在最近的研究中，缺牙症的诊断更为常见。
