Müller T, Cox J, Peter W, Schäfer R, Johnson N, McElhinney L M, Geue J L, Tjørnehøj K, Fooks A R
WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, 16868 Wusterhausen, Germany.
J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004 Mar;51(2):49-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2003.00725.x.
European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1, genotype 5) is known to endemically circulate in insectivorous bat populations in Germany. In August 2001, a rabies suspect stone marten (Martes foina) was found in the city of Burg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) and was sent to the regional veterinary laboratory for routine rabies diagnosis. Whereas brain samples repeatedly tested negative in the fluorescent antibody test for classical rabies virus (genotype 1), the mouse inoculation test and the rabies tissue culture inoculation test yielded positive results. Rabies viral RNA was also detected in the stone marten brain sample both by nested and heminested RT-PCR specific for the nucleoprotein gene and for the nucleoprotein phosphoprotein junction of rabies virus. The amplification products were sequenced to genotype the isolate. Sequence data obtained from the first-round RT-PCR products were analysed and the suspect stone marten isolate was confirmed as a rabies related virus (EBLV-1a). Phylogenetic comparison with sequences from recent genotype five isolates from Germany and Denmark showed that it was closely related to a previous isolate of EBLV-1 from a serotine bat in Saxony-Anhalt obtained in the same year in an area adjacent to the place where the EBLV-1 infected stone marten was found. Both EBLV-1 isolates share a 99.5% identity. This is the first report of an EBLV-1a spill-over from an insectivorous bat into wildlife in Europe.
欧洲1型蝙蝠狂犬病病毒（EBLV-1，基因型5）在德国食虫蝙蝠种群中呈地方性流行。2001年8月，在德国萨克森-安哈尔特州布尔格市发现一只疑似感染狂犬病的石貂（Martes foina），并被送往地区兽医实验室进行常规狂犬病诊断。虽然脑样本在针对经典狂犬病病毒（基因型1）的荧光抗体检测中多次呈阴性，但小鼠接种试验和狂犬病组织培养接种试验结果呈阳性。通过针对狂犬病病毒核蛋白基因和核蛋白磷蛋白连接区的巢式和半巢式RT-PCR，在石貂脑样本中也检测到了狂犬病病毒RNA。对扩增产物进行测序以确定分离株的基因型。对第一轮RT-PCR产物获得的序列数据进行分析，确认该疑似石貂分离株为狂犬病相关病毒（EBLV-1a）。与德国和丹麦近期基因型5分离株的序列进行系统发育比较表明，它与同年在发现感染EBLV-1的石貂的地点附近地区从萨克森-安哈尔特州的一只棕蝠中分离出的一株EBLV-1密切相关。这两株EBLV-1分离株的同源性为99.5%。这是欧洲首次关于EBLV-1a从食虫蝙蝠传播到野生动物的报告。
